Letters to the Editor
1130-0108/2010/102/5/338-339
REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS
Copyright © 2010 ARÁN EDICIONES, S. L.
REV ESP ENFERM DIG (Madrid)
Vol. 102, N.° 5, pp. 338-339, 2010
Cecal volvulus in a cardiac transplant patient.
Report of a case and critical review
Key words: Cecal volvulus. Cardiac transplantation. Gastroin-
testinal complications.
Dear Editor,
Theacuteabdominalcomplicationsinthecardiactransplant
recipients represents a big challenge, demanding an early diag-
nosisduetoitshighmortality(20-25%).Mostofthemoccuron
thefirst30postoperativedays,whenothereventscanmakethe
appropriatediagnosismoredifficult(1-3).
We report the case of cecal volvulus in the early postopera-
tiveperiodofacardiactransplantpatient,andacriticalreview.
Case report
A 61 years-old male, diagnosed of dilated cardiomyopathy,
secondary to coronary artery disease, with ejection fraction of
23%,wassenttoourcenterforhearttransplantation.Hisprevi-
ous history showed appendicectomy, hypertension (type 2), di-
abetes,chronicrenalinsufficiencyandpreviouscoronaryartery
bypasssurgery.
The heart transplant was performed with bicaval technique.
The ischemia time was 280 min with cardiopulmonary bypass
duration of 200 min. The patient required vasopressors and
blood transfusion due to tendency to hipotension after surgery.
Prophylactic antibiotics and immunosuppressive regime based
on corticosteroid, daclizumab and mycophenolate mofetil was
prescribed.
In the early postoperative period the patient suffered diarrhea
and fever. Clostridium difficile was ruled out based on toxin A
andBassessmentinthestoolsamplesbyenzymunoanalysis.
On the 10
th
postoperative day, the patient had severe acute
abdominalpain,abdominaldistensionandleukocytosis(35.000
L/mm
3
).AnabdominalCTshowedcecaldistension–12cmdi-
ameter–, with signs of cecal volvulus type “variant cecal bas-
cule”(Fig.1).
An urgent laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of cecal
volvulus with signs of transmural necrosis without perforation.
Arightcolectomywithprimaryileo-colicanastomosiswasper-
formed.
The patient developed an uneventful postoperative course.
The pathological report confirmed transmural necrosis with di-
lation,congestionofmucosalandhemorrhage.Thepatientwas
discharged on 45 postransplant day, with an excellent graft
function,withafractionejectionof77%.
Discussion
Cecal volvulus accounts for 20-40% of all colonic volvuli
(4). They are more frequent in women; prior abdominal surg-
eries, adhesion, mobile cecum, distal colonic obstruction and
hiperperistalsishavebeenimplicatedascausativefactors(4).
Fig. 1. Coronal and axial TC images shows a 12.3 cm distension of the
cecum (*), with normal morphology at the level of the ascending colon
(arrow).