Research Article Performance Evaluation of Ethiopian Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Southern Ethiopia Mengistu Meskele Alambo, 1 Mesfin Kebede Gessese , 2 Eyasu Wada Wachamo , 1 Belay Yebo Melo , 2 Zemach Sorsa Lakore, 2 Adera Sisay Wassie, 2 Wondimeneh Taye Haile, 2 and Fentanesh Chekole Kassie 2 1 Wolaita Sodo University, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 138, Sodo, Ethiopia 2 Wolaita Sodo University, College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 138, Sodo, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Mesfin Kebede Gessese; mesfin04@yahoo.com Received 12 August 2021; Revised 27 March 2022; Accepted 5 May 2022; Published 25 May 2022 Academic Editor: G´ abor Kocsy Copyright © 2022 Mengistu Meskele Alambo et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ethiopia is not self-sufficient to meet its increasing wheat demand from domestic production partly due to a lack of improved seeds. Efforts are undertaken to fill the gap through off-season production of wheat using supplemental irrigation and modern cultivars adapted to arid areas. is study was carried out to evaluate the genetic variability and adaptability of 15 Ethiopian bread wheat genotypes at different agroecologies in Wolaita and Dawuro zones, Ethiopia. e field experiment was conducted at three locations using a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2019/2020 main cropping season. Analysis of variance based on 11 morphological agronomic traits and two major wheat diseases revealed that there were highly significant differences (P < 0.01) among the genotypes for all the traits studied at each location and combined over locations. e top three cultivars viz. Alidoro, Galema, and Honqolo exhibited higher average grain yield (GY) of 4.54 t/ha, 4.36 t/ha, and 4.0 t/ha, respectively, combined over locations. Eight of the traits (72.73%) exhibited moderate (30–60%) to high broad-sense heritability (h 2 b > 60%) values. High h 2 b associated with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the severity of both stem and yellow rust diseases combined over locations. GY was significantly related to aboveground biomass at all locations. is study depicted that cultivar Alidoro had wider adaptability for grain yield and resistance to wheat rusts. 1. Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown cereal crop in the world. It is the second major food crop next to rice [1]. It is widely cultivated for its grain for do mestic consumption in various recipes and industrial uses [2–4]. It is the major staple food for 40% of the world’s population [5]. e global current (2020/2021) wheat uti- lization was forecasted at about 758 million tons, that is, 1.5 percent higher than in 2018/19, where the increment was mostly associated with growth in food consumption [6]. To feed the world’s growing population, the global demand for wheat yield should increase by 50% in 2050 as estimated by Allen et al. [7]. China and India are the world’s largest wheat producers, annually producing 134,340,630 and 98,510,000 tons of wheat, respectively. Africa’s average wheat production from 2014/15 to 2016/17 was 71.7 million tons, whereas that of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 cropping seasons was 74.8 and 75.2 million tons, respectively [6]. Ethiopia is the second- largest wheat producer in Africa with annual production amounting to approximately 4.54 million tones and an average grain yield of 2.67 t/ha [8]. e annual average wheat utilization in Ethiopia in 2016/17, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019 was 5.6, 6.0, and 6.1 million tons, respectively [6], clearly showing the deficit and need for additional import to meet the domestic demand. In the Southern Nations Nationalities People Region (SNNPR) of the country, wheat covered an Hindawi Advances in Agriculture Volume 2022, Article ID 1338082, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1338082