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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(1): 41-47
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2018; 6(1): 41-47
© 2018 JEZS
Received: 12-11-2017
Accepted: 18-12-2017
Naureen Rana
Departrment of Zoology,
Wildlife & Fisheries,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Saira Fatima
Departrment of Zoology,
Wildlife & Fisheries,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, P
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
Departrment of Zoology,
Wildlife & Fisheries,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Ahmad Saeed Khan
Department of Continuing
Education, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad,
Pakistan.
Somia Afzal
Departrment of Zoology,
Wildlife & Fisheries,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Tehmina Amin
Departrment of Zoology,
Wildlife & Fisheries,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Imran
Departrment of Zoology,
Wildlife & Fisheries,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Yaqoob
Departrment of Zoology,
Wildlife & Fisheries,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Correspondence
Naureen Rana
Departrment of Zoology,
Wildlife & Fisheries,
University of Agriculture,
Faisalabad, Pakistan
Designing the invertebrates modules nocturnal
inhabit and their adaptability toward different
aqueous solutions
Naureen Rana, Saira Fatima, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Ahmad Saeed
Khan, Somia Afzal, Tehmina Amin, Muhammad Imran and Muhammad
Yaqoob
Abstract
During present research from both aqueous solutions (10% formalin and sugar solution), from both
solutions, total 2788 specimens were collected and maximum population was recorded from formalin
solution 57.89% (N = 1614) and least population was recorded from sugar solution i.e. 42.11%
(N=1174). As for as taxa composition was concerned, from formalin solution, total 89 species were
recorded belonging to 9 orders, 43 families and 73 genera. Whereas, for sugar solution, total 74 species
were counted pertaining to 08 orders, 33 families and 58 genera. In case of formalin solution, maximum
population was recorded during 6
th
sampling (252±64.06), and least values were recorded during 5
th
and
1
st
sampling (69±53.32). Whereas, species abundance was recorded utmost in 3
rd
sampling (33 species) at
temperature and humidity 38.9 °C and 28%, respectively. In case of sugar solution, maximum population
was recorded during 6
th
sampling (195±54.87) and least values were recorded in 9
th
and 10
th
samples
(71±32.81) and (62±39.17), respectively. Whereas, species abundance was recorded utmost in 4
th
sampling (29 species) at temperature and humidity 41.6 °C and 16.0%. For both solutions, maximum
relative abundance was recorded for Psammodes sulcicollis (Tenebrionidae) 26.83% (N=433) “formalin
solution” and 26.41% (N = 310) “sugar solution”. Diversity (H') was recorded maximum among formalin
solution (0.4035) and least was recorded among sugar solution (0.2935). Species richness was again
recorded high among formalin (23.3968) and least among sugar solution (20.8780). Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) among both (formalin and sugar) showed non-significant results (F=0.22; P=0.6478).
Keywords: Urbanization, nocturnal invertebrates, formalin and sugar solution
Introduction
In spite of insects’ importance in ecological pyramids, they are often overlooked in
conservation projects owing to their small size or it is considered that they least valuable than
vertebrates. Whereas, their abundance exceeds than vertebrates because 75% of total identified
fauna consist of insects’ population. They are fascinating and most beautiful creatures on earth
biosphere, and being food for higher consumers, they are particularly important source of
protein for survival of higher invertebrates
[31]
. Almost 1.5 million of species are identified as a
vast group of arthropods with multi type habitats
[5]
; they show fluctuation in diversity and
density with regard to abiotic factors e.g. temperature and humidity. Their physical characters
e.g. size, life activities, habitat and trophic status also depend upon these factors
[2]
, and such
features make them eminent in ecosystem. While, their limited life span, extraordinary fertility
and comfort of rising in test center promote their usage in biological exploration
[33]
.
With extensive urbanization, there is huge invertebrate diversity within these areas, including
unusual and important species
[15]
. Artificial lighting is being used to enlighten the dark
environment for centuries and this trend is much high in urbanization for economic point of
view. It influence ecosystem functioning and also impose negative impacts on invertebrate
fauna
[10]
; because invertebrates are highly sensitive toward such lights, particularly
photoreceptors. They experience vast range of complexity and potential of light-sensitive
structures which range from simple nerve fibers of some sea urchins to the complex compound
eyes of insects. Many of them depend upon the natural rhythms of day – night and on season
that triggers vital stages in their lifecycles, while, some e.g. flying adult and mayflies are
disorientated by artificial light
[39]
.
Light traps were developed to collect the insects of medical importance like sand flies, black