Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research http://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/ijcr Indo. J. Chem. Res., 8(3), 210-218, 2021 DOI: 10.30598//ijcr. 210 A Brief Review on Fabrication of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode: Materials and Techniques Wulan Tri Wahyuni 1 *, Budi Riza Putra 2 , Achmad Fauzi 1 , Desi Ramadhanti 1 , Eti Rohaeti 1 , Rudi Heryanto 1 1 Division of Analytical Chemistry, Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia 2 Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Defense University, Bogor, Indonesia * Corresponding Author: wulantriws@apps.ipb.ac.id Received: November 2020 Received in revised: November 2020 Accepted: December 2020 Available online: January 2021 Abstract Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is one of the most interesting designs to combine a working (from carbon based material), reference, and counter electrode in a single-printed substrate. SPCE has been used in many electrochemical measurements due to its advantages for analysis in microscale. This paper summarises the main information about SPCE fabrication from the material and fabrication technique aspect on the flat substrate based on the work that has been published in the last 30 years. The success of SPCE fabrication is highly dependent on the composition of conductive ink which consists of conductive materials, binder, and solvents; substrate; and fabrication techniques. Among the carbon-based materials, the most widely used for SPCE fabrications are graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. The frequent binder used are polymer-based materials such as polystyrene, polyaniline, poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and polyvinyl chloride. The solvents used for SPCE fabrication are varied including water and various organic solvents. The main characteristics of the SPCE substrate should be inert in order to avoid any interferences during electrochemical measurements. The screen printing and inkjet printing technique are preferred for SPCE fabrication due to easy fabrication and the possibility for mass production of SPCE. Keywords: Electrode, fabrication, inkjet, polymer, screen printing INTRODUCTION The development of electrochemical sensors is increasing rapidly every year. Those electrochemical sensors are applied for in-situ monitoring and point of care testing in pharmaceutical, biomedical, industrial, and environmental analysis. Since the in-situ monitoring and point of care analysis need a rapid and simple procedure, a disposable electrode is required. Screen printing-based electrodes is a disposable electrode for electrochemical sensors that suits the requirement. The screen-printed electrode combines working, reference, and a counter electrode in a substrate that supports the miniaturization and portability aspect of the sensor. Furthermore, due to the ease in its fabrication mass production of a screen- printed electrode is possible to conduct. Several types of screen-printed electrodes have been already developed, among other screen-printed electrodes fabricated from carbon-based material gain a lot of attention. Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) combines a carbon working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode in a substrate. The properties of carbon material including a wide potential window, low background current, inertness (Matters et al., 2011), and low cost (Liu et al., 2012) drives the massive usage of SPCE for the electrochemical sensor. Various methods for SPCE fabrication techniques have been investigated and studied in numerous scientific papers. In general, this fabrication process includes the preparation of conductive inks for working, reference, and counter electrodes as well as the printing process of prepared conductive ink onto the substrate. The fabrication method is adjusted with the character of the conductive ink, the character of the substrate, and the intended application of the fabricated electrodes. In addition, it is important to consider the control over the precision of the process and the device in the fabrication process. A comprehensive study of SPCE fabrication covering materials and techniques is required to provide information and references for the success of the SPCE fabrication process. Several studies on screen-printed carbon electrode fabrication have been reported (Figure 1), otherwise to the best of authors knowledge, the review focus on SPCE fabrication covering materials and fabrication techniques is still