~ 1268 ~ Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2019; 7(3): 1268-1273 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 JEZS 2019; 7(3): 1268-1273 © 2019 JEZS Received: 04-03-2019 Accepted: 08-04-2019 N Bhumapati Devi Assistant, Professor Contractual, C.V.Sc. & A.H, Jalukie, Nagaland, India D Bhuyan Professor, Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India Arpana Das Professor Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India D Kalita Professor Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India P Borah Junior Scientist, Goat Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, Byrnihat, Meghalaya, India KC Nath Professor Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India Correspondence D Bhuyan Professor Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, India Early pregnancy diagnosis in Assam hill goat N Bhumapati Devi, D Bhuyan, Arpana Das, D Kalita, P Borah and KC Nath Abstract A total of thirty healthy does maintained at Goat Research Station, Byrnihat, Assam Agricultural University, were used in the present study for early pregnancy diagnosis by Real time B-mode Ultrasonography. Observation were made for detection of various parameter like embryonic vesicle, embryo proper, foetal heartbeat, placentomes, twins, foetal movement, foetal head, foetal limb buds, vertebral column and rib cageby both the transrectal and transabdominal method. using transrectal methods 100% detection of embryonic vesicle, embryonic proper and foetal heartbeat were on day 27, 27, and 30 days after breeding which was 30, 30 and 35 days using transabdominal methods The diameter of embryonic vesicle, length of embryo proper and diameter of foetal head increased gradually with the advancement of pregnancy. Keywords: Assam hill goat, real time b mode ultrasonography, early pregnancy diagnosis 1. Introduction Early detection of pregnancy is extremely essential and prerequisite for success of animal husbandry enterprise. Early identification and diagnosis of pregnant animals helps in managing the animals in a planned and scientific way for improving reproductive efficiency and hence the economy [1] . Moreover, early identification of non-pregnant animals allows breeders to step up for bringing the animals to pregnant state by application of various techniques. Diagnosis of pregnancy at an early stage is therefore of great economic importance which helps in timely culling or rebreeding of barren animals. On the ground of traditional method like non return to estrus alone cannot be taken to consider an animal to be pregnant because non pregnant females may fail to show subsequent estrus behaviour due to prolonged estrus cycle, silent estrus and anestrus or due to some other pathological condition. Therefore, regular diagnosing of pregnancy at the very early stage seems to be essential. Some of the methods that have been used to diagnose pregnancy in goats and ewes over the last few decades include: Radiography, assessment of Estronesulphate, Progesterone assay, vaginal biopsy, Pregnancy Specific Antigen. But, the application of these methods on a large scale in veterinary practice has remained limited in field condition due to either non- availability of sophisticated laboratory facilities or longer time required for confirmation of pregnancy or the methods are insufficiently inaccurate. Rectal abdominal technique using Hulet’s rod also proved hazardous with respect to rectal injury and abortion [2] . For the last three and eighties decades, Real time ultrasonography the noninvasive and painless on application offered a new tool for early pregnancy diagnosis in small ruminants [3] . Taking into account of all the above points a study was conducted on Assam Hill Goat using TR (transrectal) and TA (transabdominal) ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis by studying different parameters viz., embryonic vesicle, embryo proper, foetal heartbeat, placentomes, twins, foetal movement, foetal limb buds, vertebral column and rib cage. The objective of the study is to detect the pregnancy at an early stage and to find the accuracy of the methods used. 2. Materials and Methods The present study was carried out on 30 does (Assam Hill Goat) maintained at the Goat Research Centre (Byrnihat). The does were maintained under uniform managemental system. All does undergoes mating were subjected to pregnancy diagnosis by Real time Ultrasonography. A Son sound ultrasonography machine with a linear rectal probe of 5-10 MHz frequency was used for the present study. The scanning of animals for detection of pregnancy was carried out in the morning half of the day before providing any feed to the animals. Transrectal and transabdominal methods were used for diagnosing the pregnancy by Ultrasonography.