International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 10 Issue: 04 | Apr 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1508 Performance of Overhead Water Tank with Staging under Seismic Conditions– A Review. Sahana K C 1 , M B Vikram 2 , Pradeep Karanth 3 1 Mtech student, Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte. Udupi, Karnataka. 2 Research scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru, Karnataka 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, NMAM Institute of Technology, Nitte, Karnataka ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Water is an important source hence water tank storage tanks also play a vital role. Earthquake is a major natural calamity all over the world, during earthquakes there are effects on water tank so designing and analyzing them plays a vital role nowadays. In this paper seismic analysis of a water tank is done considering many parameters such as base shear, base moment, displacement, overturning moment, axial force, story drift with capacity of tank, types of tank and IS code, different staging patterns for various soil condition and various bracing patterns studied. The water tank analysis can be done with three conditions such as partial, empty, and filled condition. Key Words: water tank, IS codes, response spectrum parameters, STAAD.Pro, SAP2000. 1. INTRODUCTION Water tanks are one kind of storage device which can handle both the weight of the water they and any external forces or pressures acting on them, these tanks are frequently constructed from reinforced materials like concrete or steel. For various uses, including residential, commercial, and industrial ones water tanks are a popular option. These tanks are often used to hold water for irrigation, firefighting, and other uses. They may be constructed in a range of sizes or capacities and forms to fit individual demands. Water tanks that have been reinforced are made to endure extreme weather, water pressure, and other environmental elements. To keep the tank in excellent condition and functioning as intended, proper maintenance and periodic inspections are necessary. Liquid storage structures can be divided into many bases on their shape, location, and capacity of the water tank. Based on their shape they are classified into rectangular, circular, conical, square, Inez, and polygonal. Based on their location they are divided into elevated water tanks resting above the ground and underground water tanks. Water tank resting on the ground is most commonly used in clear water reservoirs and setting tanks. The water is built on the ground surface and the distribution of water is done either through pumps or freely due to gravity from one location to another. The underground water tank is resting below the ground surface. Water pumps are used to withdraw water for use since it is present below the ground surface. An elevated water tank is built above the ground level and this type of water tank consists of a frame structure which includes the column, bracing, or staging. The water is distributed under gravitational force. Circular water tank are having specified radius or diameter of the tank model, and plate elements i.e. slab elements are made in circular condition. Rectangular and square water tanks are similar but vary in dimension accordingly. Inez type of water tanks are those structures resting on a circular beam. The following are the Mode of Failure: 1.1 Modes of failure 1. Shear failure of beam: Shear cracks occur at an angle of 45 degrees in the plastic joints and lead to failure at the end beam due to high shear force. An example of this failure is the Bhuj earthquake in 20001 in India with a magnitude of 7.7. The elevated water tank having a capacity of 100 cubic meters of volume collapsed due to improper design and connection of beam and column. Beam connecting the column suffered from the failure. 2. Bending shear failure in beams: Bending shear failure occurs in a beam when shear resistance is lesser than that of flexural strength. While conducting a junction with the plastic end of beams to the middle of beams to create this sort of provide failure, bending shear fractures in a beam appear in the middle of the beam with gradual growth towards middle support. It has been proven that joint damage in plastic beams forming a strut has been documented; Chile (South America), which had an earthquake with a magnitude of M=8.5 in 1960, is an example of this sort of seismic failure. The raised water tank volume was 700 cubic meters. There have been reports of stirrups in the water tank that were around 600 cubic meters in size and shape during the earthquake. Additionally, it was stated that a pipe underneath the tank ruptured and separated by one meter when the water came out. Additionally, it was stated that a pipe underneath the tank ruptured and split by one meter as the water leaked out from the tank with concrete many years ago, after the earthquake they had some fine cracks in Beam-Column connections, vertical cracks in Columns and also shear cracks in beams. Due to the high compressive forces on columns, some columns had several vertical cracks which