Citation: Almufarreh, A. Exploring
the Potential of Mixed Reality in
Enhancing Student Learning
Experience and Academic
Performance: An Empirical Study.
Systems 2023, 11, 292. https://
doi.org/10.3390/systems11060292
Academic Editor: Nirit
Yuviler-Gavish
Received: 30 April 2023
Revised: 21 May 2023
Accepted: 26 May 2023
Published: 6 June 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the author.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
systems
Article
Exploring the Potential of Mixed Reality in Enhancing
Student Learning Experience and Academic Performance:
An Empirical Study
Ahmad Almufarreh
Deanship of E-learning and Information Technology, Jazan University, Alburj Campus,
Gizan 82812, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; almufarreh@jazanu.edu.sa
Abstract: In recent years, mixed reality (MR) technology has emerged as a promising tool in the
field of education, offering immersive and interactive learning experiences for students. However,
there is a need to comprehensively understand the impact of MR technology on students’ academic
performance. This research aims to examine the effect of mixed reality technology in the educa-
tional setting and understand its role in enhancing the student’s academic performance through the
student’s novel learning experiences and satisfaction with the learning environment. The present
research has employed a quantitative research design to undertake the research process. The survey
questionnaire based upon the five-point Likert scale was used as the data collection instrument. There
were 308 respondents studying at various educational institutes in Saudi Arabia, all of whom were
using mixed reality as part of their educational delivery. The findings of the present research have
indicated that the application of mixed reality by creating experiential learning, interactivity and
enjoyment can significantly enhance the student’s novel experience, which can directly enhance stu-
dents’ satisfaction with learning objects and the learning environment, as well as indirectly enhancing
the student’s academic performance. The research offers various kinds of theoretical implications
and policy implications to researchers and policymakers.
Keywords: mixed reality; learning experience; satisfaction; academic performance
1. Introduction
Education has always been conceived as being formed of physical classroom activities
in which students and teachers meet face to face [1]. Educational content delivered by the
teachers is then processed by the students [2]. However, in the wake of the COVID-19
pandemic other means of delivering education have become much more widespread [3],
and educational institutes worldwide have shifted towards online or remote learning modes
using current digital technologies [4]. The video conferencing software packages such as
Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Google Meet have become tools for educational institutes to
shift their operation to online media [5]. Although video conferencing software provided
an immediate solution for educational institutions to continue their operations [6], various
problems have been reported [7]. One of the critical problems which has been widely
reported in the academic literature is related to students’ fatigue, lack of interactivity and
motivation, and negative students’ academic performance [8]. It is argued that students
educated during the pandemic will suffer huge academic losses due to participating in
online classes, as such classes do not provide learning experiences using sensory organs
equivalent to physical classes [9]. Thus, online classes using current digital technologies
have led to students developing fatigue and falling behind in their learning [10]. However,
even though current digital technologies support online classes resulting in a loss in
students’ academic performance, it is hard to conclude that the digitalization of education
has failed and should not be pursued at all [11]. It is hypothesized that new emerging
digital technologies will provide an enhanced sensory experience to students in online
Systems 2023, 11, 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060292 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/systems