Original Article BIO-FABRICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING CHRYSANTHEMUM CORONARIUM FLOWER EXTRACT AND IT’S IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY SHYLA M. HAQQ 1 , HIMANSHU PANDEY 2 , MANJU GERARD 3 , AMIT CHATTREE 1* 1 Department of Chemistry, SHUATS University, Allahabad, India, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SHUATS University, Allahabad, India, 3 ICAR-NAARM, Hyderabad Email: amit.chattree@shiats.edu.in Received: 23 May 2018, Revised and Accepted: 01 Aug 2018 ABSTRACT Objective: In the present research work silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the flower extract of Chrysanthemum coronarium and their in- vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated against both the gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria E. coli. The flower extract acted both as a reducing as well as a capping agent. Methods: Silver nanoparticles were verified using various spectroanalytical techniques such as visible ultraviolet spectroscopy, zeta potential, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and particle size analyser. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against both the gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria E. coli using the agar well diffusion method. Results: The silver nanoparticles synthesized were confirmed by the visual colour change. The ultraviolet, visible spectroscopy showed a surface plasmon resonance at 430 nm. Zetapotential was found to be around-15.6mV where the negative value indicated that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are stable. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the functional groups responsible for the stabilization of the nanoparticles. Particle size analyser showed that the size of the nanoparticles ranged from 5-50 nm. The antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles which was performed against S. aureus and E. coli showed good inhibition against both the bacteria. Better antibacterial activity was found for E. coli in comparison to S. aureus as the zone of inhibition for E. coli was found to be at 12 mm at 50ug/ml whereas the zone of inhibition against S. aureus was found to be at 10 mm. Conclusion: The silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a green approach and can be used as a potential resource for therapeutic purpose. Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Silver nanoparticles, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Flower extract, Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria © 2018 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.27492 INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles exhibit completely new or improved properties which is based on the specific characteristics such as size, shape and orientation [1]. Nobel metal nanoparticles are being used in the broad range of applications in the field of biology, medicine, physics, chemistry and material science [2]. Synthesis of nanoparticles using plants has proven to be a better method due to the slower kinetics and better manipulation on control over crystal growth and their stabilization [3]. Synthesis of nanoparticles using plants are found to be advantageous over other biological processes such as the use of fungi, bacteria etc as it helps in the elimination of the elaborate process of maintaining the cell culture. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles has received considerable attention because of its numerous benefits over other chemical and physical methods. The biomolecules present in the plant extract such as enzymes, proteins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cofactors acted as both reducing and capping agent [4]. Nanoparticles attract more researchers for future developments in the area of medicine, healthcare and agriculture due to their diverse, remarkable and captivating range of biological applications [5]. These procedures are eco-friendly and cost- effective and has gained a lot of attention owing to the instinctive features such as the usage of natural resources, rapidness, ecofriendliness and benignancy. Chrysanthemum coronarium is a plant of Asteraceae family which contains various bioactive compounds that are used for the treatment of various diseases. It has medicinal properties as the leaves are expectorant and stomachic while the flowers are stomachic [6]. Sesquiterpene lactones (cumambrin and dihydrocumambrin) and the essential oils of the flower heads have been evaluated for their activity against the insects, nematodes, and plant fungal pathogens [7]. The sesquiterpene lactones which were present in the flower extract of Chrysanthemum coronarium have a strong in vitro cytotoxic activity against A549, PC-3, and HCT-15 cell lines and in vitro growth inhibitory activity with the sulforhodamine B assay [8]. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Chrysanthemum coronarium could enhance antibacterial activity against both the gram positive and gram negative bacteria ie S. aureus and E. coli. Literature reveals that there are no reports available for the synthesis of nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Chrysanthemum coronarium flowers. Therefore the objective of the present study was to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles using the flower extract of Chrysanthemum coronarium and to determine its antibacterial activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemicals and reagants Analytical grade AgNO3 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Double distilled water was used throughout the experiment. Ampicillin was taken as a control. Preparation of aqueous flower extract Flowers of C. coronarium were collected during the flowering stage in Janruary 2017. Voucher specimens were deposited in the herbarium of the Department of Horticulture Shuats University, Allahabad. Dried C. coronarium flowers were washed properly with distilled water to remove dirt and soil. Next, 20 grams of flowers were immersed in 300 ml boiling distilled water for 10 min and further filtered. The cooled filtrate obtained was stored at 4 °C for further use. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles 50 ml of AgNO3 (2 mmol/l) aqueous solution was reacted with 50 ml of the obtained extract solution in a flask with stirring for 30 min and then continued stirring for 24 h at room temperature. The particles were then purified by centrifugation at the speed of 15000 rpm. To remove excess silver ions, the silver colloids were washed at least three times with deionized water. It was then lyophilized and International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ISSN- 0975-7058 Vol 10, Issue 5, 2018