6 .DQGLO DQG + ( )DUDJ (OHFWULFDO (QJLQHHULQJ DQG &RPSXWHU 6FLHQFH /DVVRQGH 6FKRRO <RUN 8QLYHUVLW\ 7RURQWR 21 &$1$'$ VNDQGLO#FVH\RUNXFDKHIDUDJ#FVH\RUNXFD / 6W +LODLUH DQG ( -DQVVHQ 6XVWDLQDEOH (QHUJ\ 7HFKQRORJLHV 7RURQWR DQG 5HJLRQ &RQVHUYDWLRQ $XWKRULW\ 7RURQWR 21 &$1$'$ /6W+LODLUH#WUFDRQFD(-DQVVHQ#WUFDRQFD Abstract7KH DLP RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR HYDOXDWH WKH HIIHFWV RQ the grid’s power quality, of the transient insolation events and WKH LQYHUWHU $& RXWSXW SRZHU TXDOLW\ ZKHQ KLJK SHQHWUDWLRQ RI VPDOO VL]HG SKRWRYROWDLF 39 LV LQVWDOOHG LQ ORZ YROWDJH GLVWULEXWLRQ QHWZRUNV 7R WKDW HQG D UHDO ZRUOG FDVH VWXG\ KDV EHHQ FRQGXFWHG $ SRZHU TXDOLW\ PRQLWRU V\VWHP 3406 KDV EHHQ GHVLJQHG WR IDFLOLWDWH WKH VWXG\ 7KH 3406 KDV EHHQ GHVLJQHG WR SURYLGH TXDQWLWDWLYH ORQJ WHUP KLJK UHVROXWLRQ GDWD RQ WUDQVLHQW HYHQWV WKDW PLJKW occur in the inverter’s AC and DC HQYLURQPHQWV DQG WR GHWHUPLQH KRZ WKHVH FRQGLWLRQV LPSDFW WKH JULG 7KH GDWD KDV EHHQ PRQLWRUHG FRQWLQRXVO\ E\ D SRZHU TXDOLW\ DQDO\]HU HYHU\  PV IRU IRXU PRQWKV DQG VWRUHG RQ D ORFDO VHUYHU IRU DQDO\VLV 7KH GHVLJQHG 3406 LV DEOH WR KDQGOH WKH PDVVLYH GDWD VWRUDJH DQDO\VLV DQG YLVXDOL]DWLRQ IRU WKH REWDLQHG REVHUYDWLRQV 7KH FDVH VWXG\ KHOSV WKH ORFDO GLVWULEXWLRQ FRPSDQLHV /'&V WR EHWWHU HYDOXDWH WKH HIIHFWV RI 39 SRZHU JHQHUDWLRQ RQ WKH JULG DQG YHULI\ ZKHWKHU FODLPV RI FRPSOLDQFH E\ LQYHUWHU PDQXIDFWXUHUV SURYH WUXH LQ UHDO ZRUOG WHVWLQJ 7KHVH FRQFOXVLRQV FDQ RQO\ EH GUDZQ E\ HYDOXDWLQJ UHDO ZRUOG WHVW VFHQDULRV DQG HPSLULFDO GDWD DVVLVW LQ WKH SURFHVV E\ SURYLGLQJ ERWK RI WKHVH WR WKH /'&V Index Terms 3KRWRYROWDLF 39 SRZHU TXDOLW\ 7RWDO +DUPRQLF 'LVWRUWLRQ 7+' 6WUXFWXUHG 4XHU\ /DQJXDJH 64/ , ,1752'8&7,21 $V SKRWRYROWDLF JHQHUDWLRQ EHFRPHV D ODUJHU SDUW RI WKH JULG FDSDFLW\ TXDOLW\ RI SKRWRYROWDLF LQYHUWHU JHQHUDWHG SRZHU EHFRPHV DQ LPSRUWDQW LVVXH 39 V\VWHPV FDQ LPSURYH WKH RSHUDWLRQ RI SRZHU V\VWHPV E\ LPSURYLQJ WKH YROWDJH SURILOH DQG E\ WKH UHGXFWLRQ RI ORVVHV LQ GLVWULEXWLRQ V\VWHP DQG WKH ORDGLQJ RI WUDQVIRUPHU WDS FKDQJHUV GXULQJ SHDN KRXUV >@ 1RQHWKHOHVV LQ FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK RWKHU UHQHZDEOH GLVWULEXWHG JHQHUDWRUV 39 V\VWHPV VWLOO IDFH PDMRU GLIILFXOWLHV VXFK DV RYHUORDGLQJ RI WKH IHHGHUV KDUPRQLF SROOXWLRQ KLJK LQYHVWPHQW FRVW ORZ HIILFLHQF\ DQG ORZ UHOLDELOLW\ ZKLFK FUHDWHV GLIILFXOWLHV LQ WKHLU ZLGHVSUHDG XVH >@ 0RUHRYHU YDULDWLRQV LQ VRODU LUUDGLDWLRQ FDQ FDXVH VRPH SRZHU TXDOLW\ SUREOHPV VXFK DV SRZHU IOXFWXDWLRQ DQG YROWDJH IOLFNHU UHVXOWLQJ LQ XQGHVLUDEOH HIIHFWV RQ LQWHJUDWLRQ RI KLJK SHQHWUDWHG 39 V\VWHPV LQ WKH SRZHU V\VWHP >@ 7KHUH DUH PDQ\ SDSHUV WKDW GLVFXVVHG WKH LPSDFWV RI WKH LQWHJUDWLRQ RI KLJK SHQHWUDWLRQ RI 39 RQ WKH Jrid’s power TXDOLW\ >@>@ ,Q >@ DQG >@ D VWXG\ KDV EHHQ PDGH XQGHU D ODERUDWRU\ WHVW FRQGLWLRQV WR VWXG\ WKH KDUPRQLF FXUUHQW HPPLVLRQ RI 39 JHQHUDWLRQ XQGHU FRQWUROOHG YROWDJH FRQGLWLRQV ZKHUH WZR 39 LQYHUWHUV RQH ZLWK FRXSOLQJ WUDQVIRUPHU DQG WKH RWKHU RQH LV ZLWKRXW WKH WUDQVIRUPHU +RZHYHU WKH VWXG\ GLG QRW LQFOXGH UHDO V\VWHP FRQGLWLRQV ,Q >@>@ WKH VWXG\ ZDV FRQGXFWHG RQ D VLPSOH H[SHULPQHWDO EDVHG PRGHOV RI D 39LQYHUWHUV WR VWXG\ WKH HIIHFW RI QHW KDUPRQLF FXUUHQWV SURGXFHG E\ WKH 39 V\VWHP RQ WKH SRZHU TXDOLW\ RI D ORFDO HOHFWULFDO QHWZRUN 1RQHWKHOHVV WKH SUHYLRXV ZRUN GLG QRW IRFXV RQ WKH LPSDFW RI WUDQVLHQWV RI WKH 39 RQ WKH SRZHU TXDOLW\ DQG GLG QRW LQFOXGH D UHDO ZRUOG FRQGLWLRQ ZLWK D YHU\ VPDOO VDPSOLQJ UDWH IRU D ORQJ SHULRG RI WLPH 7KH GLVWULEXWHG QDWXUH RI WKH SKRWRYROWDLF JHQHUDWHG SRZHU PDNHV LW VXVFHSWLEOH WR WUDQVLHQWV RQ ERWK WKH LQSXW DQG WKH RXWSXW WHUPLQDOV RI WKH LQYHUWHU 7KH VWXG\ DQG PHDVXUHPHQWV RI WKHVH WUDQVLHQWV LV DQ LPSRUWDQW VWHS LQ HYDOXDWLQJ KRZ WKH\ LPSDFW ERWK WKH LQYHUWHU DQG LWV LQWHUDFWLRQ DQG HIIHFW RQ WKH SRZHU TXDOLW\ RI WKH JULG +RZHYHU WKHUH ZLOO EH VRPH FKDOOHQJHV IDFLQJ WKH VWXG\ RI WKH WUDQVLHQWV VXFK DV WKH QHHG RI D SRZHU TXDOLW\ DQDO\]HU WKDW FDSWXUHV WKH GDWD RI WKH V\VWHP LQ D YHU\ VPDOO VDPSOLQJ UDWH DQG IRU D VXIILFLHQW SHULRG RI WLPH 0RUHRYHU WKH GDWD WKDW KDV EHHQ FDSWXUHG QHHGV WR EH FROOHFWHG VWRUHG DQG DQDO\]HG 7KLV ZLOO DULVH LQ DQRWKHU FKDOOHQJH ZKLFK LV WKH ELJ GDWD VHWV WKDW ZLOO EH VR ODUJH DQG FRPSOH[ WR EH VWRUHG DQG DQDO\]HG XVLQJ WUDGLWLRQDO SRZHU TXDOLW\ PRQLWRULQJ V\VWHPV 3406 ,Q WKLV SDSHU D 3406 KDV EHHQ GHVLJQHG WR PRQLWRU PDQDJH DQG YLVXDOL]H GDWD WKDW FRPHV IURP 7RURQWR DQG 5HJLRQ &RQVHUYDWLRQ $XWKRULW\ 75&$ 6RODU &LW\ 3DUWQHUVKLS VLWHV ZLWK 39 V\VWHP LQVWDOODWLRQV LQ WKH 0LFURILW VL]H UDQJH LQ RUGHU WR DVVHVV WKH $& RXWSXW SRZHU TXDOLW\ DQG WKH '&$& WUDQVIHU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG WKHLU HIIHFW RQ WKH 3RZHU TXDOLW\ RI WKH JULG 7KH VWXG\ ODVWHG IRU IRXU FRQWLQRXV PRQWKV RI FROOHFWLQJ KLJK UHVROXWLRQ SRZHU TXDOLW\ SDUDPHWHUV FDSWXUHG E\ D SRZHU TXDOLW\ DQDO\]HU $ GDWDEDVH DQG YLVXODL]DWLRQ V\VWHPV KDYH EHHQ GHYHORSHG WR VWRUH DQG DQDO\]H WKH FDSWXUHG GDWD UHVSHFWLYHO\ A Power Quality Monitor System for Quantifying the Effects of Photovoltaic Penetration on the Grid 978-1-4799-5829-0/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE Proceeding of the IEEE 28th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering Halifax, Canada, May 3-6, 2015 237