Te Preservation of the Javanese Language in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Wening Udasmoro, J. Susetyo Edy Yuwono, Sulistyowati, Aprillia Firmonasari
Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
ISSN 2354-9114 (online), ISSN 0024-9521 (print)
Indonesian Journal of GeographyVol 55, No 1 (2023): 59-68
DOI: 10.22146/ijg.68183 website: htps://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijg
©2023 Faculty of Geography UGM and Te Indonesian Geographers Associaton
Submit : 2021-08-03
Received: 2021-09-18
Accepted: 2023-01-04
Key words: GIS; mapping;
vulnerability; the Javanese
language; the Special
Region of Yogyakarta
Correspondent email:
udasmoro@ugm.ac.id
Abstract. Te purpose of this study is to map the vulnerable Javanese language in the Special Region of
Yogyakarta, namely in the City of Yogyakarta and in the regencies of Sleman, Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, and
Bantul. Furthermore, it seeks to understand the role of diferent agents in preserving the Javanese language in
those areas. Due to the dominating use of Indonesian language, the Javanese language has decreased in usage
in various modes of communication in schools especially Jawa krama (medium-register variety). Making this
language vulnerability mapping is important to locate in the context of the region, the language vulnerability
that occurs more than other regions. Tis mapping can be used by the policy makers to strengthen the Javanese
language used in the regions. A geographic information system was used to map the language’s vulnerability
in this region. Te fndings of this research are, frst, there is an even distribution of the level of language
vulnerability throughout the region, especially in the declining usage of Jawa krama. Second, schools no longer
serve as agents in the preservation of the usage and competence of the Javanese language, especially Jawa
krama. Tird, family and social environments still hold potential for the preservation of the Javanese language,
although mostly for Jawa ngoko.
©2023 by the authors. Licensee Indonesian Journal of Geography, Indonesia.
Tis article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution(CC BY NC) licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
1. Introduction
Te purpose of this study is to produce maps of the
Javanese language’s vulnerability due to the potential
declination of the language’s usage in the Special Region
of Yogyakarta (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarya, or DIY) as a
result of globalization and cosmopolitanism. Globalization is
defned as a condition in which global infuences become part
of people’s lives in a broad and universal way (Furqan, 2016;
Udasmoro & Setiadi, 2021). In addition, cosmopolitanism is a
condition where a group becomes merged with other groups
in a complex manner (Kusumaningrum, 2019). Globalization
has an impact on the use of foreign languages that is getting
stronger, especially in language absorption, such as English.
Meanwhile, cosmopolitanism has the efect of increasing
the spread of the national language as the language used in
everyday life. As a result, Javanese is becoming less desirable,
especially by the younger generation. Furthermore, the role of
diferent agents in preserving the Javanese language in those
areas is taken into account for analysis. As for globalization
and cosmopolitanism, these two aspects occur at a macro
level in DIY and have become an actual profle of the province
(Udasmoro & Anwar, 2019). Tese mixtures include the
amalgams of national, racial, ethnic, religious, and cultural
backgrounds, among others.
In the context of the Javanese language, there are
levels of register, and among them are ngoko (low register),
krama (medium register) and krama inggil (high register).
In Indonesia thus far, linguistic researchers tend to focus
only on structure and linguistic content. In terms of the
Javanese language, researchers tend to only study its usage
in a particular area (Anggraini, 2012; Kartikasari et al., 2018;
Sunarso, 2012) or its cultural functions (Isodarus, 2020;
Munandar, 2013). Not many linguistic researchers have
been done on language geography but in the national level.
Dialect and language geography mapping was carried out in
the 1980s and the 1990s by the National Center for Language
Development (Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa)
of the Ministry of Education and Culture. In the three decades
that have followed, the languages must have undergone some
highly dynamic developments. Considering Indonesia’s vast
territory of 5,193,250km
2
, with more than 700 languages that
vary greatly in terms of nature, as well as of the ethnicities
that use them from the western to the eastern corners of
Indonesia, it is necessary to look at the geographical aspect of
those languages. Furthermore, the preservation of the Javanese
itself can also be infuenced by the old Javanese tradition and
literary theories (Aminullah, 2021). It means that the Javanese
can also be learned through any literary work and tradition.
For example, through the Lampahan Juměněngipun Nata Dewi
Kancana Wungu (LJNDKW) which is a fragment of the legend
of Damarwulan, its author wants to communicate how the
position of a queen amid the context of patriarchal structure
and women leadership (Habibah & Hanidar, 2022). Te readers
are provided with the media to learn the Javanese deeper in
this case. In another article, readers are encouraged to build
their own interpretation between two books, Naked Traveler
and Jilbab Traveler (Jaya & Pratama, 2021). It emphasizes
that learning and interpreting a language can be efectively
conducted through a literary work. In addition, the dynamics
of population movement have also been high, as well as the
policies that continue to change in linguistic context.
Te studies reviewed above generally focused on
mapping of the Bahasa Indonesian language. Teir aim was
Indonesian Journal of Geography, Vol 54, No. 3 (2022) 463-470
RESEARCH ARTICLE