ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Treatment Strategy for Cervical Myelopathy in Patients with
Athetoid Cerebral Palsy
Hiroshi Kuroki, Shinichiro Kubo, Hideaki Hamanaka, Naoki Inomata, Kiyoshi Higa, Etsuo Chosa
243
Int Journal of Orthopaedics 2015 April 23 2(2): 243-249
ISSN 2311-5106 (Print), ISSN 2313-1462 (Online)
Online Submissions: http://www.ghrnet.org/index./ijo/
doi:10.6051/j.issn.2311-5106.2015.02.60
© 2015 ACT. All rights reserved.
International Journal of Orthopaedics
Hiroshi Kuroki, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hos-
pital Organization Miyazaki Higashi Hospital, Japan
Shinichiro Kubo, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nozaki Hi-
gashi Hospital, Japan
Hideaki Hamanaka, Naoki Inomata, Kiyoshi Higa, Etsuo
Chosa, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miyazaki
Faculty of Medicine, Japan
Correspondence to: Hiroshi Kuroki, MD, Department of Ortho-
paedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Miyazaki Higashi
Hospital, 4374-1 Tayoshi Ooaza Miyazaki, 880-0911 Japan.
Email: hiroshik@med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp
Telephone: +81-985-56-2311 Fax: + 81-985-56-2257
Received: December 6, 2014 Revised: January 5, 2015
Accepted: January 11, 2015
Published online: April 23, 2015
ABSTRACT
AIM: In athetoid cerebral palsy (ACP) patients, severe and
progressive cervical myelopathy (CM) often develops at a young
age for the reason that involuntary movement due to ACP facilitates
degeneration of cervical spine. The purpose of this retrospective
study was to explore the optimal management of CM due to ACP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2004 through 2013, 16
consecutive cases of CM in ACP who were surgically treated were
studied. They included 7 males and 9 females with a mean age of 55
years. Mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 3 years and 6
months. We clinically and radiographically evaluated in these cases.
RESULTS: Posterior decompression and fusion was employed in
10 cases, posterior fusion in 4 cases, and laminoplasty in 2 cases. In
13 cases, botulinum toxin injection, selective muscle release, or both
were additionally performed. As to clinical outcome evaluated by
Fuji’s scale, 4 cases had excellent, 8 cases had good, 3 cases had fair,
and 1 case had poor results. Perioperative complication was observed
in 8 cases. Lordosis of cervical spine increased in 6 cases, decreased
in 4 cases, and unchanged in 6 cases after surgery. Bone union was
obtained in all 14 cases who were performed fusion surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: For the treatment of CM in ACP, evaluations
of the intensity and the pattern of athetoid movement are important
features for selection of the proper surgical method. Strong cervical
fixation accompanied with various athetoid movement control
procedures to achieve solid bone union may warrant long-term
acceptable clinical results.
© 2015 ACT. All rights reserved.
Key words: Athetoid cerebral palsy; Cervical myelopathy; Spinal
instrumentation; Surgical treatment; Botulinum toxin
Kuroki H, Kubo S, Hamanaka H, Inomata N, Higa K, Chosa E.
Treatment Strategy for Cervical Myelopathy in Patients with Athetoid
Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Orthopaedics 2015; 2(2):
243-249 Available from: URL: http://www.ghrnet.org/index.php/ijo/
article/view/949
INTRODUCTION
In athetoid cerebral palsy (ACP) patients, severe and progressive
cervical myelopathy (CM) often develops at a younger age for
the reason that involuntary cervical movement accelerates disc
degeneration of the cervical spine
[1-3]
. However, the diagnosis is
frequently overlooked due to the insidious progression of neurologic
disorders and the pre-existent neurological handicap
[1]
. Because the
conservative treatment is not effective, the surgical treatment must
be required in most of the patients
[4]
. Whereas, the pathophysiology
of this disorder is complex and multifactorial, therefore the standard
surgical strategies have not been established yet. In principle, we
usually decide the surgical method on the basis of both the physical
status and the intensity of athetoid movement in each patient. The
purpose of the current study was to investigate the clinical and
radiographical results of surgical treatments for 16 patients suffering
from CM in ACP.