58 ISSN: 2347-7881 PharmaTutor Magazine | Vol. 2, Issue 10 | magazine.pharmatutor.org Review Article An Insight on Raynaud’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Roshan Keshari 1* , Sonika Shrivastava 2 , Rathore KS 1 1 BN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur-Rajasthan, India 2 KD Dental College and Hospital, Mathura-UP, India *roshankeshari@gmail.com ABSTRACT Raynaud’s disease is illustrated by a pale to blue to red series of color changes of the digits, most commonly after exposure to cold. Raynaud’s phenomenon is a state of the flow that affects blood deliver to the skin and causes the extremities of the body to drop feeling and become numb also paroxysmal paleness and coldness of the extremities. Total 5-6% of global population is affected by this illness. Symptoms of Raynaud’s phenomenon depend on the severity, incidence, and length of the blood-vessel spasm. There is no blood test for diagnosing Raynaud’s phenomenon. Certain Synonyms of Raynaud’s phenomenon: systemic lupus erythematosus, microcirculation and vasoconstriction. Raynaud’s disease is of two types: Primary Raynaud’s phenomenon or idiopathic is considered the more frequent, milder condition. There is no underlying disease associated with the primary classification. About 75-80% of all cases diagnosed happen in women between 15 and 40years elderly. Another is Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon is not so frequent, but is considered the more severe of the two types. It is associated with an underlying disease, most commonly, one of the connective tissue diseases The risk factors include: smoking, working with vibrating machinery - the fingers may go into spasm. This is due to an intermittent lack of blood supply to the fingers and emotional distress, exposure to the cold; women are affected more often than men. Management of Raynaud’s disease is possible with medical, nursing, pharmacological, and surgical way. Keywords: Raynaud’s Disease, Reduced blood flow, Sympathetic Nervous System INTRODUCTION In medicine, Raynaud’s phenomenon or Raynaud phenomenon repetitive episodes of biphasic colour change (at least 2 of pallor, cyanosis, erythema), in either cold or normal environment. Raynaud’s phenomenon is excessively reduced blood flow in response to cold or emotional stress, causing discoloration of the fingers, toes, and occasionally other areas. This condition may also cause nails to become brittle with longitudinal ridges. Named after French physician Maurice Raynaud (1834–1881), the phenomenon is believed to be the result of vasospasms that decrease blood supply to the respective regions. Raynaud’s phenomenon by itself is just a sign (hypoperfusion) accompanied by a symptom (discomfort). When linked to pathogenesis, it can be part of Raynaud’s disease (also known as primary Raynaud’s phenomenon), where the cause is unknown, [1] or part of Raynaud’s syndrome (secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon), which is a syndrome caused by a known primary How to cite this article: R Keshari, S Shrivastava, KS Rathore; An Insight on Raynaud’s Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention; PharmaTutor; 2014; 2(10); 58-67