1 Integration of gender in international science, technology and innovation (STI) collaboration: learning from international feminist policies Bhatia, Riina*; Rilla, Nina*; Laitinen, Essi*; Ferreira, Gabriela**; Milhazes, Catarina*** Correspondent author: riina.bhatia@vtt.fi *VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland **Universidade de São Paolo ***University of Coimbra Abstract Science, technology and innovation (STI) is increasingly characterized by its international nature. The rising internationalization of STI is argued to be due to the growing importance of the knowledge economy, and its role in finding solutions to wicked problems. Yet, both international affairs and STI institutions that have impact on STI policies continue to be masculinised spaces, where overall resistance to women’s meaningful participation remains standard practice. This has shaped the ways in which international STI policies and programmes influence different segments of the population, demarcates the group who makes decisions at the international sphere, decides what kind of questions are being raised and addressed, and who primarily benefits from international STI agreements and its outputs, including funding. Following the gendered organizations theory’s notion of (STI and international) institutions, we explore through a comparative case study organizations that have either implemented feminism into official (foreign) policy principle, or work as forerunners in integrating gender into STI related projects and explore how feminist (foreign) policy principles guide integration of gender dimension into international STI collaboration. 1. Introduction International science, technology and innovation (STI) is increasingly characterized by its international nature (Griset, 2020). The growing internationalization of STI is argued to be due to the growing importance of the knowledge economy, as well as the role placed for STI in finding solutions to wicked problems, such as climate change and sustainability (Leijten, 2017; Schot and Steinmuller, 2018; Blanco et al., 2022). With this, the international and national STI related policies and dialogues can have a reciprocal influence on international cooperation, but also domestic STI fields, for example, through international research funding and collaboration programmes. International STI collaboration often refers to state level bi- and multilateral dialogues (Gursch et al., 2023; Sokolov et al., 2019). European Commission distinguishes a narrow and broad understanding of international STI collaboration (Boekholt et al., 2010). In the narrow sense STI collaboration refers to STI diplomacy, which focuses on (usually) state led international research collaboration and the “interface between international relations (foreign policy) and the studies of science, technology and innovation” (Bonilla and Serafim, 2021: pg xxx). The broader definition, in turn, focuses on the interaction of other non-science policy and the ‘intrinsic’ science-oriented objectives in which STI cooperation becomes a means to reach other policy ends (European Commission, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, 2009: 8). This study defines international STI collaboration in the broad sense as international state and non-state actors’ collaboration relating to STI, encompassing official state led science diplomacy, trade and science policy, university and business level collaboration, state