Surgical Education
Expanding surgical clerkships to remote community sites:
the success of the Washington, Wyoming, Alaska,
Montana, and Idaho experience
Roger P. Tatum, M.D.*, Aaron Jensen, M.D., M.Ed., Lorrie A. Langdale, M.D.
Department of Surgery, University of Washington, School of Medicine, HCS1660, S. Columbian Way, s-112-gs, Seattle,
WA 98108, USA
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this analysis was to determine if the surgical clerkship model and
site affect educational outcomes and student postclerkship perceptions.
METHODS: Data from University of Washington students participating in surgical clerkships at
traditional/academic or community/apprentice sites across Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana,
and Idaho (WWAMI) between 2005 and 2007 were gathered retrospectively. Comparisons of final
examination scores as well as postclerkship student evaluations of the educational experience were
made between traditional and community training sites.
RESULTS: The mean final examination scores at WWAMI sites were significantly higher than those
at traditional academic sites. Furthermore, WWAMI sites were rated higher with respect to time spent
by faculty in direct observation, quality of the clerkship as a whole, and overall contribution to medical
education.
CONCLUSIONS: Community surgical clerkship sites remote from an academic institution can
provide an excellent learning experience for students.
© 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Medical student
training;
Education;
Surgical clerkship;
Community and rural
sites
The University of Washington School of Medicine
(UWSOM) is a state medical school serving a 5-state
region, which includes Washington, Wyoming, Alaska,
Montana, and Idaho (WWAMI) (Fig. 1). This represents the
largest geographic region in the United States for which
there is only a single medical school. Each of the WWAMI
states supports the medical school financially and contrib-
utes a prescribed number of students to the entering class.
This is a complex arrangement with implications for each
year of medical education. Students spend their first pre-
clinical year in their home state, joining their Seattle-based
classmates at the UWSOM campus for the second year.
Students strongly are encouraged to complete their basic
third-year clinical clerkships in their home state. Fourth-
year clerkship electives are available throughout the region
and are open to all students.
Beginning in 1993, the Department of Surgery at UWSOM
began to send a proportion of students to WWAMI sites out-
side of the Seattle area. These include Spokane, Washing-
Author contributions were as follows: all authors contributed to the
study design and analysis and interpretation of data; Dr Tatum was respon-
sible for the acquisition of data and drafting of manuscript; Drs Jensen and
Langdale were responsible for critical revision of the manuscript, and Dr
Jensen was responsible for statistical expertise. Dr Tatum had full access to
all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the
data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-206-764-2141; fax: +1-206-764-
2529.
E-mail address: rtatum@u.washington.edu
Manuscript received September 27, 2008; revised manuscript Novem-
ber 21, 2008
0002-9610/$ - see front matter © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.11.035
The American Journal of Surgery (2009) 198, 436 – 441