1307 © IJMDC. https://www.ijmdc.com
International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries
Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome
and its impact on life among women
in Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman
University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Hanadi Bakhsh
1
, Amal Mohammed Alghamdi
2
, Maya Abdullah Alyahya
2
,
Shaden Jamaan Alghamdi
2*
, Afrah Alonazi
2
, Rawabi Algomaishy
2
,
Edward De Vol
3
, Abdullah Almalki
3
ABSTRACT
Background: The study aims to evaluate the prevalence, severity, and impact of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
on females in Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed on 274 females using a validated PSST means Premenstrual
Symptoms Screening Tool to estimate the prevalence of PMS, impacts of PMS symptoms on functional activi-
ties, and relevant sociodemographic data.
Results: The prevalence rate of PMS was 47.1% that influenced the emotional, psychobehavioral, and physical
domain, with severe complaints among 10% of the students. More than 60% of the participants complained of
any sort of functional impairment, but severe functional impairment ranged from 1.4% to 5.8% for academic
achievement and home responsibilities, respectively.
Conclusion: PMS was moderately prevalent with increased sensitivity to rejection and generalized pain affect-
ing one-fifth of the participants.
Keywords: Female, exercise, premenstrual syndrome, sensitivity.
Introduction
Disorders of menstruation constitute major gynecological
complaints, especially among adolescents [1].
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by the
presence of both physical and behavioral symptoms that
occur repetitively in the second half of the menstrual
cycle and interfere with some aspects of the woman’s
life [2]. Women with PMS experience a wide variety
of cyclic and recurrent physical, emotional, behavioral,
and cognitive symptoms that begin in the luteal phase
(second half) of the menstrual cycle and resolve shortly
after the onset of menses (the follicular phase). However,
the core symptoms include behavioral symptoms; such
as depression, irritability, and anxiety; and somatic
symptoms; such as breast pain, bloating and swelling,
and headache. The core feature is the recurrent onset
of symptoms during the end of the luteal phase of the
menstrual cycle with a symptom-free period shortly after
menses has begun, typically when the menstrual flow has
ended [3].
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases
and Related Health Problems defined PMS as the
occurrence of one premenstrual symptom from a cluster
of symptoms. The symptoms included breast swelling
and tenderness, acne, bloating and weight gain, pains
(headache and joint pains), food cravings, and emotional
symptoms, including irritability, mood swings, crying
spells, and depression. These symptoms are restricted to
the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and cease with the
commencement of menstrual flow [4,5].
Correspondence to: Shaden Jamaan Al Ghamdi
*College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman
University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Email: shaden_alghamdi@outlook.com
Full list of author informaton is available at the end of
the artcle.
Received: 05 January 2020 | Accepted: 14 January 2020
Hanadi Bakhsh et al, 2020;4(9):1307–1312.
https://doi.org/10.24911/IJMDC.51-1578236787
ORIGINAL ARTICLE