Background: Many factors may contribute to the pathology of Alzhei- mer's disease (AD). Up to now no resolutive pharmacological therapy exists and there are increasing arguments regarding the beneﬁcial effect of natural nutrients, able to slow down the progression of the disease. Some have the ability to induce cell proliferation and/or survival. Adult neuro- genesis could be a good therapeutic strategy for cognitive aging and neurodegenerative diseases(AD). The aims of this work has been to study the modulatory effect of *LMN diet (cocoa, nuts and other natural extracts) in adult mouse neurogenic brain areas. Methods: 129SV male mice, were feed during 40 days with a standard Harlan 2014 control diet and the same diet containing 9,27% of *LMN. Animals received BrdU injections. Brains were processed for inmunohistological and immunoblots studies. Results: Histological samples of mice feed with *LMN diet, showed a noticeable increasing number of proliferative cells by BrdU and PCNA staining, in the adult neurogenic areas: subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular layer of dentate gyrus (sgDG). Using Dcx and PSA-NCAM, an increasing in the undifferentiating neurons were determined in the granular layer of dentate gyrus and in the rostral migratory stream (RMS). The immature oligoden- drocytes (Ng2) and astrocytes (GFAP) were also increasing in these brain areas. All these results were corroborated by Western-Blot analysis. More- over, the several interneurons subpopulations of the olfactory bulb were changed. Increasing the tyrosine hydroxylase, calretinin and calbindin neuronal subpopulations, and decreasing the parvalbumin interneurons. In the dentate gyrus, the granular layer presented a high cell number when comparing with the control animals. Conclusions: All these ﬁndings showed that *LMN diet promotes the neurogenesis in the adult mouse neurogenic niches. The differences between interneurons subpopulations of olfactory bulb suggested that, *LMN diet could modulate differentiation process in the RMS. Therefore, *LMN diet could be a promising nutrient that would contribute to the neural replacement and to re-establish the brain function in order to avoid the cognitive decline, the main hallmark in Alzheimer’s disease. *Patent submitted: Reference ES2281270. Acknowl- edgements: This work has been ﬁnanced by the Spanish Ministry of Industry, project INGENIO 2010- CENIT ref MET-DEV-FUN (2006-2009). P2-470 SURVIVAL AND DIFFERENTIATION OF ADULT SKIN-DERIVED NEUROPRECURSORS IN A RAT MODEL OF AGE-RELATED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT Michael Valenzuela, Sophia Dean, Blossom Mak, Glynis Bailey, Fred Westbrook, Perminder Sachdev, Kuldip Sidhu, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Contact e-mail: michaelv@unsw.edu.au Background: Intracerebral transplantation of neural stem cells in animal models of cognitive ageing and Alzheimer’s Disease provides evidence of differentiation and functional improvement. For future clinical application, however, several challenges remain including cell purity, glial differentiation, host immune response, uncontrolled cell growth, and controversy about the origins of the stem cell population. Accordingly, we have developed a protocol for the culture of neuroprecursors derived from adult mammalian skin (Valen- zuela et al, under review). This in vitro system: produces a 90% neural phenotype devoid of glial cell contamination; is amenable to autologous grafting; and exhibits proliferative senescence after approximately 7 passages. Neuroprecursors produced via this system may be suitable for for neurorestor- ative purposes. Our objective was to therefore examine the in vivo survival, differentiation and function of adult-skin derived neuroprecursors using our culture system in a rodent model of cognitive ageing. Methods: Animals: 12 cognitively impaired 18-month old female Fischer rats were randomly as- signed to cell transplant or sham surgery. Cognitive impairment was deﬁned as performance 2 SDs below the norm on baseline Morris Water Maze (MWM) testing. Approval for this study was given by the Animal Care & Ethics Committee of UNSW. Behavioural Testing: MWM for assessment of acqui- sition and retention of visuospatial working memory and the Localised Cue Task to control for non-speciﬁc factors such as visual acuity, motivation and motor function. Baseline testing was followed by surgery, a 5 week delay, and then follow-up behavioural testing and sacriﬁce. Neuroprecursor graft: ap- proximately 1  10 6 p3-6 undifferentiated canine skin-derived neuroprecur- sors dissociated into a suspension of 25 L of phosphate buffered saline. Surgery: Intraventricular injection under anesthesia to co-ordinates -1.4mm A/P, 2.2mm M/L, 3.8mm D/V using a stereotaxis frame. Neurohistology: The canine speciﬁc lamin-AC antibody was used to mark grafted cells and was co-labeled against DCX or -tubulin to visualize those with an early neuronal phenotype. Results: Pre-post behavioural results will be presented along with preliminary neurohistological evidence of graft survival, differentiation and topographical distribution. Conclusions: Skin-derived neuroprecursors may be of future use for clinical neurorestoration, however preliminary survival, differentiation and functional studies need to be carried out. P2-471 TRAINING ASSISTED-LIVING RESIDENTS IN REASONING AND EVERYDAY PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS Kristine N. Williams, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA. Contact e-mail: kwilliams1@kumc.edu Background: The growing population of 1 million older adults currently residing in assisted living (AL) facilities requires nursing assistance with everyday activities. Cognitive decline affects approximately 50% of AL residents and is the principal factor precipitating nursing home placement annually for an estimated 200,000 AL residents. Length of AL residency currently averages only 1-3 years. Research in healthy, community dwell- ing elders has shown that cognitive training improves everyday problem solving skills necessary to maintain the ability to live independently. Cognitive training interventions targeting AL residents were developed and tested in this pilot study. Objective: This study tested the feasibility of Reasoning Exercises in Assisted Living (REAL), a new cognitive training program designed to improve reasoning and applied problem solving skills for AL residents. The REAL cognitive training materials were developed to increase everyday performance on problems encountered by AL resi- dents, such as scheduling activities, using resources, and making healthy menu choices. Methods: The six REAL training sessions were provided to four AL residents over one month. Baseline and post-intervention assess- ments of problem solving performance were compared using the Everyday Problems for Cognitively Challenged Elderly. Paired t-tests were used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: Four AL residents achieved Everyday Problems for Cognitively Challenged Elderly (EPCCE) scores that increased 25% from baseline (M=11.0, SD = 8.83) to post- intervention (M=19.5, SD=8.35; t=-3.121, p = .05). Accuracy of re- sponses also increased by an average of 12%. After three months, EPCCE scores remained stable (M=21.75, SD = 4.57) and signiﬁcantly improved over baseline (t = 3.83, p = .031). The t-test results must be interpreted cautiously due to insufﬁcient data to ensure normal distributions. Conclu- sions: The REAL program is feasible for older adults living in AL and initially improved their everyday problem solving performance. Increases were sustained over time. Testing in a larger, longitudinal sample will determine if REAL cognitive training enables AL residents to maintain independence in everyday activities that will delay costly nursing home placement for this growing population of older adults. P2-472 COMPLIANCE OF TAKING DONEPEZIL IN MILD TO MODERATE ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE IN TAIWAN Yuan-Han Yang, Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Contact e-mail: endless@kmu.edu.tw Background: Donepezil is considered the symptomatic treatment of de- mentia in mild-moderate AD. The beneﬁts should be assessed at least 12 weeks later after taking donepezil and the treatment should be continued only for those patients with evidence of beneﬁts. There have been a number of trials to illustrate donepezil in the treatment of mild-moderate AD and these report signiﬁcant beneﬁts for a proportion of patients. Little is known about the use of donepezil in routine clinical practice. Our study was to T512 Poster Presentations P2: