Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(3): 988-994 988 Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.703.117 Bacteriological Profile of Hospital Acquired Infections with Multidrug Resistance Burden and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Prevalence Tarana Sarwat * , Vichal Rastogi, Mohd. Rashid and Yogesh Chander Department of Microbiology, SMS&R, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Introduction Hospital acquired infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in the present scenario, leading directly or indirectly to an enormous increase in the cost of hospital care and to the emergence of new health hazards for the community. It has been observed that the majority of such infections emerge as a result of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions such as intravenous cannulas, indwelling catheters, sophisticated life support, intravenous fluid therapy, prosthetic devices, immunosuppressive therapy, and the use of broad spectrum antibiotics (Shalini et al., 2010). The rate of hospital acquired infections varies from 2.8% to 34.6% among International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 03 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Hospital acquired infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, leading to an enormous increase in the cost of hospital care and to the emergence of new health hazards for the community. The study aimed to determine the bacteriological profile of hospital acquired infections along with prevalence of multidrug resistance and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) enzymes amongst the isolates. A total of 180 isolates of various organisms were isolated from different clinical samples during a period of one year from January 2014 to December 2014. The antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was done on Mueller Hinton agar using antibiotics from different classes which included beta lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance of the isolate to three or more classes of antibiotics. Extended spectrum beta lactamase detection was done in Gram negative isolates by the combined disc diffusion method. The isolates included Staphylococcus aureus (32.22%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.56%), Escherichia coli (16.11%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (12.22%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.89%), Acinetobacter sp. (5.56%), Enterococcus sp. (2.78%) and Proteus mirabilis (1.67%). Out of these 180 isolates, 27 (15%) isolates were found to show multidrug resistance, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter being the major multidrug resistant organisms. Out of the 95 Gram negative organisms, 39 were confirmed to be ESBL producers by phenotypic method. The study concluded that the hospital strains of microorganisms are becoming more and more resistant to the currently available antibiotics. So, the antibiotics should be used more judiciously keeping the higher antibiotics in reserve which can be a solution to multidrug resistance. Keywords Hospital acquired infections, Multidrug resistance, Extended spectrum beta lactamases, Non- fermenters Accepted: 10 February 2018 Available Online: 10 March 2018 Article Info