To challenge the world view
or to flow with it? Teaching
sustainable development
in business schools
Fernando Lourenço
1,2
1. Manchester Metropolitan University Business School, Manchester, UK
2. Institute for Tourism Studies, Macau, China
This paper explores the fundamental question of what ‘responsibility’ means to different sets of world views
adopted implicitly by business students. The exploration adopts the stakeholder theory and three subsets of
the Friedman mentality to explain how individuals may value sustainability initiatives. Subsequently, it
explores whether it is better to flow with the dominant economic-driven world view as prescribed by the
business school or to challenge it in order to cultivate business students with sustainability-driven values. The
conclusion highlights implications for business and management education, as well as the role of entrepre-
neurship to promote sustainability values.
Introduction
The acceptance of sustainable development (SD) to
support social well-being, environmental protection
and economic prosperity is gaining momentum in
the world of commerce and management education.
However, there is still a lot be learned because edu-
cation for SD is an emerging agenda for most busi-
ness schools (Starik et al. 2010). This paper explores
the relevance of SD as part of business practice. This
leads to a conceptualisation of what ‘responsibility’
means to different sets of world views held by indi-
viduals engaging in business education (economic
world view and sustainability world view). Subse-
quently, an examination of how these world views
may affect the delivery of sustainability-related
content in business and management education is
discussed. This leads to the identification of a diffi-
cult dilemma; that is, is it better to flow with the
dominant world view or to challenge it? A discussion
of how best to approach this dilemma is proposed for
educators in the business and management field,
emphasising the role of entrepreneurship to promote
the values of instrumental stakeholder theory (IST).
SD and corporate social responsibility
in business
SD or sustainability is a model for development in
which economic, social and environmental aspects
are, arguably, given equal importance (Elkington
1999, Haugh & Talwar 2010). This model for devel-
opment entered the mainstream during the 1980s
with the publication of ‘Our Common Future’ by the
World Commission on Environment and Develop-
ment (WCED 1987). The most widely used definition
comes from the Brundtland Commission, led by the
former Norwegian Prime Minister (Gro Harlem
Brundtland), defining SD as development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Business Ethics: A European Review
Volume 22 Number 3 July 2013
© 2013 The Author
Business Ethics: A European Review © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road,
Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main St, Malden, MA 02148, USA
doi: 10.1111/beer.12021
292