1 Urinary Tract Infections | www.smgebooks.com Copyright  Naseri M.This book chapter is open access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited. Gr up SM Urinary Tract Infection in Children: Role of Urological Anomalies ABSTRACT Back ground: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in pediatric group. Over the last decades the management of children with febrile urinary tract infection has become quite controversial. Although different guidelines had been designed to determine high risk cases, there is no global Consensus about imaging and follow up. In this chapter the author aim to discuss about why childhood febrile urinary tract infection is so much important, what are the main guidelines and approaches which designed for screening of high risk cases and also present the results of some studies conducted in children with urinary tract infection all around the world. Materials and methods: By using key words a search was done in pub-med and most related manuscripts to our topic during 1990 to 2015 were selected. Then studies were categorized into 2 subgroups; researches were performed in USA, Europe and Australia and those were done in Asia. Important details of patients including prevalence of vesico ureteral reflux were emphasized. Mitra Naseri 1 * Pediatric Nephrology Department, Dr. Sheikh children hospital, Mashhad university of Medi- cal Sciences, Iran *Corresponding author: Mitra Naseri, Pediatric nephrology department, Dr. Sheikh chil- dren hospital, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Tel: +985137269021- 25; Fax: +985137273943; Email: naserim@mums.ac.ir Published Date: May 20, 2016