Effect of biodiesel from various feedstocks on combustion characteristics, engine durability and materials compatibility: A review M. Mofijur n , H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Kalam, A.E. Atabani nn , M. Shahabuddin, S.M. Palash, M.A. Hazrat Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia article info Article history: Received 12 December 2012 Received in revised form 27 March 2013 Accepted 20 July 2013 Keywords: Biodiesel development Production technologies Physico-chemical properties Materials compatibility Durability Combustion characteristics abstract The global energy consumption is expected to grow in a faster rate than the population growth. By 2030, an increase of 53% of global energy consumption and 39% of greenhouse gases emissions from fossil fuels is anticipated. Therefore, it becomes a global agenda to develop clean alternative fuels which are domestically available, environmentally acceptable and technically feasible. As an alternative fuel, biodiesel seems as one of the best choices among other sources due to its environment friendly behavior and similar functional properties with diesel. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the impact biodiesel from different edible, non-edible and waste cooking oils feedstocks on combustion character- istics, engine durability and materials compatibility with biodiesel. Moreover, this paper reviews some other important related aspects to biodiesel such as biodiesel development, biodiesel feedstocks, biodiesel standards and advantages and challenges of biodiesel. & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 442 1.1. Objective of this paper ......................................................................................... 442 2. Background of biodiesel development ................................................................................... 442 3. Biodiesel feedstocks.................................................................................................. 443 4. Major physic-chemical properties of potential crude edible and non-edible feedstocks ............................................ 443 5. Biodiesel conversion processes ......................................................................................... 443 6. Standards and characterization of biodiesel ............................................................................... 444 7. Major physico-chemical properties of biodiesel from different feedstocks....................................................... 444 8. Advantages and challenges of biodiesel .................................................................................. 445 9. Materials compatibility and engine durability using biodiesel ................................................................ 446 10. Impact of biodiesel on engine combustion characteristics ................................................................... 446 10.1. Impact of biodiesel from non-edible oil feedstocks on engine combustion characteristics .................................... 449 10.1.1. Paradise oil ............................................................................................ 449 10.1.2. Jatropha oil............................................................................................ 449 10.1.3. Pongamia oil .......................................................................................... 449 10.1.4. Algae oil .............................................................................................. 450 10.1.5. Jojoba oil ............................................................................................. 450 10.1.6. Croton megalocarpus oil ................................................................................. 450 10.1.7. Karanja oil ....................................................................................... 450 10.1.8. Neem oil ........................................................................................ 450 10.1.9. Koroch oil ........................................................................................ 450 10.1.10. Rice bran oil ..................................................................................... 451 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rser Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 1364-0321/$ - see front matter & 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.07.051 n Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +60 3 79674448. nn Corresponding author. Tel.: +60 1 22314659. E-mail addresses: mofijduetme@yahoo.com (M. Mofijur), a_atabani2@msn.com (A.E. Atabani). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 28 (2013) 441–455