Copyright © IFAC Power Plants and Power Systems Control,
Seoul. Korea, 2003
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INTERACTION AND COORDINATION OF TWO STATIC VAr COMPENSATORS
IN CLOSE ELECTRICAL PROXIMITY
Raymond S. C. Chokelal and Jin Jiang
Department ofElectrical and Computer Engineering
The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
Phone: (519) 661-2111 ext. 88320, Fax: 519-661-3488, Email:jjiang@uwo.ca
Abstract: Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and Custom Power Devices have
proven to be very useful in improving power system stability and transmission capability.
However, the potential interaction among multiple FACTS devices in close electrical
proximity is still an open issue. This paper presents a case study to investigate the
interaction and lack of coordination between two FACTS in a distribution network
through computer simulations. The system consists of two Static YAr Compensators
(SYCs). One of them is installed on the load bus by an industrial customer to improve the
power quality and the voltage profile, and the other is used by the utility to increase the
voltage stability on a relatively weak feeder line. The emphasis of the paper is on the
interaction of these two devices and their effects on the voltage profile of the distribution
system. After the preliminary studies, it is shown that the interaction does exist, and one
of the effective ways to reduce such an interaction is through coordinating control. The
performance of the system with a simple coordinating controller is illustrated. It is shown
that such control strategies are quite effective. Copyright © 2003 IFAC
Keywords: Flexible AC Transmission System, FACTS, Custom Power, Static YAr
Compensator (SYC), and Distribution.
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid de-regulation of world electric market calls
for tighter control over the power flows on the grid at
transmission level, while the increasing use of large
scale transient inducing loads has lead to poor power
quality at the distribution level. Such phenomenon
can best be characterized by frequent occurrence of
voltage sags or swells. In addition to improving the
transmission capability of existing transmission lines,
another application of Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS) devices is to improve the voltage
profile by injecting or absorbing reactive power
(Kundur, 1994). Such devices could be located in a
transmission network or at a distribution bus point.
When used at distribution level, such devices are
often known as Custom Power devices.
For heavy industrial customers, it is possible that
they would like use such a device at their service
entrance to mitigate the effects of potential poor
power quality or simply to ensure that sags/swells do
not affect their own equipment. However, use of
such a device could potentially interact with other
FACTS devices on the transmission network
installed elsewhere by the utility company. The
interaction could even result in more serious
529
consequences. The objective of this paper is to
investigate such issues and to determine whether
there is a need for a coordination control for multiple
FACTS devices. If so, what are the strategies in such
a coordinating controller? The findings from this
study can form a basis for further investigation in the
design of such a coordinating controller.
Specifically in this paper, we will investigate the
above issues in a realistic distribution network of a
heavy industrial user located in Sarina, Ontario,
Canada, where two Static YAr Compensators (SYCs)
have been installed. Since most of industrial loads
are inductive in nature, with no exception to this
particular industrial customer, the voltage profiles
considered herein pertain to large induction loads.
The issues on the placement of FACTS devices on
transmission networks have been documented and
their interaction at the transmission voltage class
have also been extensively studied (Mathur and
Yarma, 2002). However the problems associated
with the use of FACTS technology at a distribution
voltage level have not received the same level of
attention. There are several special issues when one
has to consider for the problem at the distribution
level. One of them is that percentage of voltage