British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
1
Charting the Territories of Epistemic
Concepts in the Practice of Science:
A Text-Mining Approach
Christophe Malaterre
(*)
and Martin Léonard
(*)
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1413-6710
Abstract
Much attention in philosophy of science has been devoted to explicating
highly prized concepts such as explanation, theory, or model among many
others, resulting in a plurality of nuanced philosophical accounts (e.g., for
explanation: the DN-, causal-, unification- or mechanistic-accounts). The
rationale for this enterprise is to be found in the central epistemic roles
that such concepts are taken to play in science. Yet, do these concepts
actually play such significant roles? In this contribution, we propose to
investigate the actual usage of epistemic concepts in the practice of science
by analysing terminological occurrence patterns in scientific publications.
Narrowing down the study to six major epistemic concepts (theory, model,
mechanism, explanation, understanding and prediction), we use text-
mining methods to quantify actual terminological usage and relationships
in a corpus of 73,771 full-text scientific articles of the biological and medical
sciences (BioMed database). The resulting terminological cartographies
partly validate select philosophical intuitions but also suggest notable
differences between philosophical reconstructions and the actual roles that
epistemic concepts appear to be playing in the scientific discourse. We also
investigate the incidence of disciplinary context.
1. Introduction
2. Hypotheses, Methods, and Data
3. Corpus-Wide Epistemic Contexts
3.1. Model
3.2. Mechanism
3.3 Prediction
3,4. Understanding
3.5. Explanation
3.6. Theory
4. Epistemic Contexts Depending on Research Fields