(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 8, 2021 420 | Page www.ijacsa.thesai.org An Efficient IoT-based Smart Water Meter System of Smart City Environment Raad AL-Madhrahi 1 , Jiwa Abdullah 3 Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Nayef.A.M. Alduais 2 *, Hairulnizam B. Mahdin 4 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Johor, Malaysia Abdul-Malik H. Y. Saad 5 Division of Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 JB, Johor, Malaysia Abdullah B. Nasser 6 Faculty of Computing, College of Computing and Applied Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia Husam Saleh Alduais 7 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Abstract—Water is a precious need of our lives. Due to the rapid population and urbanization, water usage monitoring is a significant problem facing our society. One solution is to control, analyze, and reduce the water consumption of the houses. The emerging of the Internet of Things (IoT) concept lately in our lives has offered the opportunity to establish water usage- efficient smart devices, systems and applications for buildings and cities. Many studies have suggested designing an IoT-based smart meter system; however, the IoT sensor node has limited studies, especially in battery life. Therefore, this study aims to implement and analyze an efficient data collection algorithm for IoT-based smart metering applications in consideration with energy consumption. The system items used are Arduino Uno, Wi-Fi-ESP8266, and water flow sensors. The applied algorithm is an efficient data collection algorithm for water meter (EDCDWM) to reduce the number of packet transmissions. Arduino performed this system’s implementation, while the simulation and analysis performed by MATLAB R2019b. The average percentage of energy saved by the applied algorithms of EDCDWM absolute change; and EDCDWM with relative differences in all nodes are around 60% and 93%, respectively. Keywords—Internet of things; smart water metering; energy consumption; smart city I. INTRODUCTION In many countries, water conservation is becoming increasingly necessary as countries face a widening gap between the ever-decreasing water availability due to climate change and the rising demand for population growth. Water efficiency implies less water consumption and searching for an alternative of conventional water meters to measure the quantity and quality of water. Water utilities build daily demand profiles and peaking factors to construct water delivery network infrastructure [1]. The role of smart metering is increasingly recognized by water utilities in demand management, customer service, work optimization and operating efficiency [2]. Today's advanced programs include water-efficient sensors and innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT) based smart meters are increasingly highlighted [3]. There are significant advances in optimizing water- intensive processes and controlling activities where automatic leak detection and monitoring systems permit to locate and cut off the leaks flow automatically and even patch the leaks [4]. IoT is defined as a system where physical objects can become active participants, and resources can be accessed over the internet through the cloud to communicate with these objects [5][6]. It allows devices and networks to connect, share and store data with or without human interference on the cloud platform using the internet. To send data from a device to a cloud, it is required to add a new device on the cloud and get the device credentials which are the username and device ID. These credentials are used to set-up a connection between Wi-Fi and the cloud to send data to the cloud. After identifying the Wi-Fi in the cloud, it can receive the transmitted data by the Wi-Fi. The smart meter water usage offers a solution to overcome water consumption issues and monitors the amount of water used by each household or building to control their consumption level. Random consumption problems should be avoided when installing this smart water meter [7][8], and the water consumed can be monitored using the internet. The water supply may be terminated if people are not present in their homes, and water usage is decreased directly or indirectly [9]. This study presents an analysis and implementation of a smart water meter that uses an embedded device. Arduino microcontroller and Wi-Fi are used to introduce the ‘Smart’ feature in a traditional domestic water meter. The IoT-based smart water meter built in this research allows reading the meter without physically entering each house periodically. This was accomplished using the Arduino unit, which continuously monitors and records the water flow sensor's readings in its memory. The meter is connected to the internet using Wi-Fi, making the device part of the IoT. The user and *Corresponding Author