International Journal of Stomatological Research 2013, 2(1): 1-4 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijsr.20130201.01 Mandibular Canine with Two Root Canals – An Unusual Case Report Vipin Arora * , Vineeta Nikhil, Jatin Gupta Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Subharti Dental College & Hospital, M eerut,250005, India Abstract Mandibular canines present a complex internal anatomy. There are reported cases of canines with a single root and two canals, three canals, two roots or fused roots. The existence of mandibular canines with more than one root canal is a documented fact that clinicians should keep in mind, in order to avoid failure during endodontic treatment. In spite of the low incidence of lower canines with one root and two canals, this possibility should not be ignored, inasmuch as the presence of a second canal in these teeth leads to difficulties in endodontic treatment. The precise knowledge of the internal dental anatomy is essential for the success of the root canal therapy, because the failure to detect the extra canals and the incomplete radicular obturation leads to the infection of the periapical space, which ultimately results in the loss of the tooth. The long-term success of the restorative treatment depends directly on the quality of the endodontic treatment realized on the abutment teeth. The mandibular canine is very important as abutment for any type of restoration. This article presents a case of a patient with mandibular canine having two root canals ,which lead us to conclude that such anatomical variations also occur in india as much as described in the international literature and cannot be overlooked when treating the teeth. Keywords Mandibular, Canine, Two Root Canals 1. Introduction The anatomy of the root canal system determines the parameters under which the endodontic treatment is performed and directly affects the success of the root canal treatment. The majority of the problems that occur during the root canal treatment are due to the insufficient knowledge of the anatomy of the pulp space[1]. The main documented reason for failure of the endodontic treatment is the inability to obturate one of the root canal because of ignoring the variations of the internal and external dental anatomy of the tooth. In order to perform a quality endodontic treatment, which will ensure the tooth’s long term durability, it is imperative that the dentist takes into account the morphology of the radicular canals and the variations of the entire canalicular system before initiating the endodontic treatment. From a morphological standpoint, mandibular canine is usually a monoradicular tooth. The internal anatomy of the radicular canals doesnot always correlate with the outer shape of the tooth. The mandibular canines do not always display the basic anatomy that we expect with one root and one canal. The proof is given by the various studies in * Corresponding author: vipinendodontist@gmail.com (Vipin Arora) Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijsr Copyright © 2013 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved which research was done on both the morphology of the monoradicular canines and the presence of those, which can display two radicular canals. It is important that this fact be taken into account in order to prevent the failure of the endodontic treatment and the subsequent loss of the tooth. Generally, mandibular canines contain a single root and root canal[2-5]. The occurrence of two canals and even more two roots is rare, ranging fro m 1%[4] to 5%[5].Although the prevalence is low, but the clinicians should consider all the possible variations in the number of roots and pulp canals of mandibular canines. This paper reports a case of a patient with mandibular canine having two root canals 2. Case Report A healthy, 40 year old female was referred to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with a chief complaint of pain in lower left region. The pain lingered for several minutes even after removal of the stimulus and led to a disturbed sleep. Clinical examination revealed large carious lesions, associated with mandibular left canine and mandibular left premolar. Electric pulp test was done for both the teeth. Mandibular left canine gave an exaggerated response to the electric pulp test. It was tendor on percussion as well while mandibular left first premolar was not tendor. Initial periapical radiographic examination (Figure 1)