Research Article
Determination of Land Suitability Criteria for Maize Hybrid in
Boalemo Regency Based on Optimum Yield and Selected
Land Quality
Nurdin ,
1
Asda Rauf ,
2
Yunnita Rahim ,
1
Echan Adam ,
2
Nikmah Musa ,
1
Fitriah Suryani Jamin ,
1
Suyono Dude ,
1
Rival Rahman ,
1
and Hidayat Arismunandar Katili
3
1
Department of Agrotechnology, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo 96583, Indonesia
2
Department of Agribusiness, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo 96583, Indonesia
3
Department of Agrotechnology, Tompotika Luwuk University, Luwuk 94711, Indonesia
Correspondence should be addressed to Nurdin; nurdin@ung.ac.id
Received 22 October 2022; Revised 29 December 2022; Accepted 3 January 2023; Published 18 January 2023
Academic Editor: Maman Turjaman
Copyright © 2023 Nurdin et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Te signifcant efect of land quality on maize production has not been fully considered in the existing land suitability criteria.
Terefore, this study aims to determine land suitability criteria for hybrid maize in Boalemo Regency based on the optimum yield
and land quality. It was carried out in Boalemo Regency, Indonesia, where the land unit of 67 units was surveyed to obtain land
characteristics data. A partial least square of structural equation model (PLS•SEM) with SmartPLS 8.0 was used to select a robust
land quality controlling hybrid maize yield, while the boundary line method was used to determine optimum yield and dif•
ferentiating of land suitability criteria. Te result showed that land qualities that defne the optimum yield of hybrid maize were
root conditions, nutrient availability, nutrient retentions, land preparation, and erosion hazard. Te soil characteristics were
efective depth, coarse material, organic C, total N, K exchangeable, slopes, soil erosion, rock outcrops, and surface rocks.
Furthermore, the highest optimum yield of 8.54 ton/ha was achieved by the total N and slopes for a very suitable class (S1), while
the lowest of 5.58 ton/ha was obtained by exchangeable K for class S1. Tis showed that the combination of PLS•SEM and
boundary line analysis was a better approach to developing new land suitability criteria for hybrid maize.
1. Introduction
Food security and farmer prosperity are global concerns; this
makes every country increase crop production as well as
farmers’ income. An important issue for countries with
developing economies is ensuring food security, where the
agricultural sector plays a strategic role in increasing food
availability [1]. Although the global food system has placed
maize (Zea mays L.) as the leading cereal crop [2], its
productivity is being disrupted by land degradation, water
scarcity, and climate change [3].
In Indonesia, the wet tropical climate with rainfall and
high temperatures tends to reduce the quality of land and
agricultural products [4]. Tis country ranked 8th among the
maize•producing nations with a contribution of 2.19% and
2.42% of the world’s total harvested area [5]. However, the
main problem is the relatively low level of yield in several
regions because the achievement of maize production has
not been followed by an increase in yield per unit area [6].
Tis is indicated by the average yield in 2020, which was up
to 5.57 ton/ha [5]. According to a previous investigation,
maize production in Indonesia can reach between 10 and
12 ton/ha [7, 8], thereby making the country the 21st leading
importer in the world.
In Indonesia, Gorontalo Province is one of the centers of
maize production, where the hybrid type is the most widely
grown species [9]. Te maize production in the province
reached 1.8 million tons in 2021 [10], with several export
Hindawi
Applied and Environmental Soil Science
Volume 2023, Article ID 3800877, 18 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3800877