International Journal of Prevention and Treatment 2015, 4(1): 8-13 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijpt.20150401.02 Sexual Behaviour, HIV/Stiprevention Knowledge, and Utilisation of Vct among the Residents in Sagamu Metropolis of Ogun State, Nigeria Ilesanmi Ayodele Olusola 1 , Ezeokoli Rita Nkiruka 2 , Obasohan M. O. 2 , Ayodele Kolawole Olanrewaju 3,* , Olaoye Titilayo 4 1 Medical Laboratory Science Department, Babcock University Ilishan, Ogun State, Nigeria 2 Social Work Department, Babcock University Ilishan, Ogun State, Nigeria 3 Research and International Cooperation (RIC), Babcock University Ilishan, Ogun State, Nigeria 4 Public Health Department, Babcock University Ilishan, Ogun State, Nigeria Abstract Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) has been seen as a viable tool in curbing permissive sexual behaviour as well as controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the sexual behaviour, HIV preventions knowledge, and VCT utilization among the residents in Sagamu metropolis with the aim of identifying aspects requiring interventions. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design in order to assess the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and use of voluntary counselling and testing among the residents of Sagamu metropolis of Ogun State in Southwest Nigeria. In this study, a total of 287 participants stratified based on their professions (traders, students, and civil servants) were involved. A self-developed instrument tagged “Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes and the use of VCT Questionnaire (KPAVCTQ)” was used data collection. Data analysis was done with descriptive statistics, Pearson Product Moment Correlation, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results showed a direct relationship between participants’ sexual behaviour and STI preventions (.071), as well as VCT usage (.011); significant moderating influence of demographics was found on the relationship between sexual behaviour, VCT usage and STI preventions. Also, it was revealed that the participants did not differ significantly in their sexual behaviour (F (1,266) = 1.754; P < .05), HIV/STI prevention knowledge (F (3,266) = 1.887; P < .05), and VCT utilization (F (3,266) = 1.149; P < .05) for health purpose. This study underscores the need for the Nigerian society to focus attention on issues that are of some consequences to human sexual health knowledge, social functioning and mental health development. Keywords Sexual behaviour, HIV preventions knowledge, VCT utilization 1. Introduction When Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) was first mentioned in the 1980s, few people could imagine what an international plague this virus could be. Though the disease is completely preventable, thousands of people die each day and the numbers continue to rise. East and southern sub-Saharan Africa is the world’s “hot spot” for HIV/AIDS [1]. The low prevalence of HIV and AIDS in the developed countries is partially due to a number of factors: increased awareness by the inhabitants, pro-active government policies, and access to quality healthcare services, positive attitude and minimal incidents of stigmatization among the populace. * Corresponding author: ayodelewole@gmail.com (Ayodele Kolawole Olanrewaju) Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijpt Copyright © 2015 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved On the contrary, low literacy level, mystification of disease, poor perception, poverty, lack of access to quality healthcare and stigmatization have all contributed to the high prevalence found in surveys conducted for HIV/AIDS in developing countries [1-5]. Africa has been nicknamed the hotbed of HIV infections due to the high infection and mortality data [1, 5], although severity is more pronounced in the South and East Africa. The pro-HIV factors identified above are a common phenomenon in most African countries, yet people there continue to engage in risky sexual behaviors due to a lack of knowledge about the disease and how it is transmitted, cultures that discourage the use of condoms, societal denial, and a low perceived susceptibility of acquiring the disease. HIV/AIDS is a terminal disease. Although no permanent cure has been found but there is aprovision of antiretroviral drugs that assist in prolonging the life of those who have been infected. Knowledge of one’s HIV status is a first step to facilitate accessing care and preventing further infection,