EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities Research Article 1 Investigation of Blockchain for COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Applications and Possible Challenges Shah Hussain Badshah 1 , Muhammad Imad 1 , Muhammad Abul Hassan 2,* , Naimullah 1 , Shabir khan 1 , Farhatullah3, Sana Ullah 4 and Syed Haider Ali 5 1 Department of Computing and Technology, Abasyn University Peshawar, onlinesoftteach@gmail.com, Imadk28@gmail.com, Naimnan.15@gmail.com, mshabirkhan1993@gamil.com 2 Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Italy, muhammadabul.hassan@unitn.it 3 School of Automation, Control Sciences and Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China farhatkhan8398@gmail.com 4 Department of Computer Science, Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar Pakistan, sunnykhan3304@gmail.com 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, engrsyedhaiderali@yahoo.com Abstract Smart city is emerging application in which many Internet of Things (IoT) devices are embedded to perform overall monitoring and perform processing automatically. In smart city the authenticity is key problem and many users in the in smart city has faced challenges during COVID-19. The COVID-19 epidemic, a deadly virus, first appeared in the globe in 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that it is almost certainly feasible to contain this virus in its early phases if some precautions are taken. To contain the infection, most nations declared emergencies both inside and outside their borders and prohibited travel. Artificial intelligence and blockchain are being used in smart city applications to monitor the general condition in the nation and reduce the mortality rate. Blockchain has also made it possible to safeguard patient medical histories and provide epidemic tracking. AI also offers the ideal, wanted answer for correctly identifying the signs. The primary goal of this study is to fully investigate blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in relation to COVID-19. A case study that was recently developed to identify and networked pathogens acquired important knowledge and data. Additionally, AI that can handle massive quantities of medical data and perform difficult jobs will be able to reduce the likelihood of intricacy in data analysis. Lastly, we highlight the present difficulties and suggest potential paths for addressing the 19 diseases in future circumstances. Keywords: Smart City, Blockchain, Covid-19, Virus, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Pandemic, Machine Learning, Deep Learning Received on 30 November 2022, accepted on 02 March 2023, published on 23 March 2023 Copyright © 2023 Shah Hussain Badshah et al., licensed to EAI. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, which permits copying, redistributing, remixing, transformation, and building upon the material in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited. doi: 10.4108/eetsc.v7i1.2827 1. Introduction Today, security is more important than ever, as numerous organizations, both private and public, have experienced costly losses and reputational damage because of hacking and other forms of cybercrime especially in smart city [1]. The adoption of blockchain technology has made it much simpler and faster to implement security patches and other updates to websites, social media platforms, and other types of online infrastructure. As a result of COVID-19 in smart city application, more people than ever before are communicating with their loved ones via social networking sites, but it is incredibly difficult to stop criminal activity or counteract fake information spread via the web. Blockchain technology is used by public and commercial (hired) agencies to address the problems of plagiarism and other forms of fake material on these sites. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control estimates that 10 million people are affected with this virus every year [2- 20], making prevention efforts difficult due to a lack of EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities 01 2023 - 03 2023 | Volume 7 | Issue 1 | e4