IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 4, Issue 09, 2016 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613 All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 64 Simulation Analysis of Balanced and Unbalanced System for Microgrid Voltages, Currents and Power Pooja S. Pote 1 Prof. Nilesh Bodne 2 1 M. Tech. Student 2 Head of Dept. 1,2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering 1,2 Vidharbha Institute of Technology, Nagpur University Nagpur, India Abstract— The quality of power is the major issue in the power system. The issues related to power quality are more attentive in microgrid system. So the power value is very much affected by the magnitude and phase disturbances of three phase voltage and current respectively. So the design of smart meter is applicable to look over these values and control the situation. This device successfully used for almost most of the disturbances such as harmonics in voltage and current, unbalancing in voltage and current, voltage lead and lag etc. The optimization techniques to improve the Power Quality in the transmission and distribution system for microgrid using smart meter is analyzed and studied first by observing on MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation. Key words: Microgrid, Power Network, MATLAB/ SIMULINK, Harmonic Distortion, Balanced System, Unbalanced System I. INTRODUCTION Smart meters are widely used in power grid, which plays an important role in building the smart power grid and its stability is the key to stable operation of the grid. However, the reliability prediction of the smart meters is difficult to be performed due to its huge number and it cannot be tested one by one. In order to study the prediction method, according to the working principle of smart meters, a simulation smart meter model based on Matlab/Simulink software is presented in project. And related experiments are performed to measure the power values under different loads, the voltage measurement, current measurement, harmonic distortion, and hence, the correctness of the presented module is verified. II. POWER NETWORK, BALANCED SYSTEM, ELECTRIC POWER CHARACTERISTICS A. Power Network An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and utilize electric power. An example of an electric power system is the network that supplies a region's homes and industry with power for sizeable regions, this power system is known as the grid and can be broadly divided into the generators that supply the power, the transmission system that carries the power from the generating centre’s to the load centre’s and the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries. Smaller power systems are also found in industry, hospitals, commercial buildings and homes. The majority of these systems rely upon three-phase AC power—the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world. Specialized power systems that do not always rely upon three-phase AC power are found in aircraft, electric rail systems, ocean liners and automobiles. Electric power is the product of two quantities: current and voltage. These two quantities can vary with respect to time (AC power) or can be kept at constant levels (DC power). The ability to easily transform the voltage of AC power is important for two reasons: Firstly, power can be transmitted over long distances with less loss at higher voltages. So in power systems where generation is distant from the load, it is desirable to step-up (increase) the voltage of power at the generation point and then step-down (decrease) the voltage near the load. Secondly, it is often more economical to install turbines that produce higher voltages than would be used by most appliances, so the ability to easily transform voltages means this mismatch between voltages can be easily managed. B. Balanced System Grid One of the main difficulties in power systems is that the amount of active power consumed plus losses should always equal the active power produced. If more power would be produced than consumed the frequency would rise and vice versa. Even small deviations from the nominal frequency value would damage synchronous machines and other appliances. Making sure the frequency is constant is usually the task of a transmission system operator. In some countries (for example in the European Union) this is achieved through a balancing market using ancillary services. In other words simply balance system can be defined as, when voltage magnitude, current magnitude of all three phase are equal and 120° phase apart. In active power oscillations is introduced which oscillates power and voltage, current value is less can be known as balances system. C. Electric Power Characteristics The electrical characteristics of the power supply describe the quality of the power supply's outputs, and its ability to handle special situations such as disruptions or disturbances to its input power, or variations in the loads the power supply drives. Different cases for balanced and unbalance system generates the characteristic for voltage, current, and power with respect to time. These can be observed in following figures below in form of simulations results on MATLAB. III. SIMULATION RESULT FOR BALANCE GRID VOLTAGE AND BALANCE GRID CURRENT Balance system can be simply defined, where, voltage magnitude of all three phases are equal and are 120° apart. Again current magnitude of all three phases is equal and 30° apart. So further when voltage, current and power is measured on graph with respect to time, it is noticed that graphs are linear and calculated voltage value and current value in Vrms and Irms are balanced. Power value is also seen linear.