833 Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Social Studies and Research Quarterly of Social Studies Research in Iran Vol. 11, No. 3:833-861, Autumn 2022 Doi: 10.22059/JISR.2022.330237.1238 Analyzing the Nature of Interaction of 9 - 11 Years Old Children with Smartphones: A Qualitative Study * Zahra Ojagh 1 Farazeh Nurzad 2 Received: September 7, 2021 Accepted: May 17, 2022 Abstract Introduction: This study is about the conflict between children's interests or needs in using smartphones and parents' concerns in this regard. The reason for parents' concerns is the insufficient knowledge about the relationship between children and media and parents' confusion about their role in shaping this relationship due to the lack or absence of relevant scientific studies and the emphasis on the lack of benefits of the media-child relationship in the research literature. The purpose of this study is to determine the nature of 9- to 11-year-old children's interaction with smartphones during this period as mediated by their parents' parenting style. Method: This study uses a qualitative inquiry with a phenomenological approach. Children's perceptions are obtained through semi-structured interviews. Samples are selected through the "snowball" method. Participants will be divided into two groups of 24: (a) children aged 9, 10, and 11, including 2 girls aged 9 and two boys of the same age, two 10-year-old girls and two 10-year-old boys, and the other four are two girls and two boys aged 11. (b) Parents who are the children's own parents so that the parent-child relationship can be closely examined. Due to the limitations of the pandemic, the interview will be conducted online. The theory-based approach of content analysis according to Brown and Clark's method is used to analyze the data. Findings: Based on Bruno Latour's actor-network theory, anything that has the power to change something is an actor, and there is no difference between humans, ـ ـ ـ ـ * Scientific-research from the Master’s thesis of the second writer under supervisionof theofirsti writer 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Science & Technology Communication, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding author), z.ojagh@ihcs.ac.ir 2. MS in Media Management, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran, farazeh84@gmail.com