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Vena porta thrombosis in patient with inherited
factor VII deficiency
Jolanta Klovaite
a
, Lennart Friis-Hansen
a
, Fin S. Larsen
b
,
Nielsaage Toffner-Clausen
c
and Ole W. Bjerrum
d
Most clotting factor VII (FVII)-deficient patients suffer from
bleeding episodes and occasionally thromboembolic
complications after surgical interventions or replacement
therapy. However, thromboses without apparent triggering
factors may occur as well. We report a case of a pregnant
woman with inherited FVII deficiency and chronic vena porta
thrombosis. She presented at 32 weeks of gestation with
spontaneously increased international normalized ratio,
severe thrombocytopenia and very few unspecific
symptoms. The extensive examination of the patient
revealed cavernous transformation of the portal vein with
well expressed portosystemic collaterals, heterozygosity
for three common polymorphisms in FVII gene, associated
with reduction in plasma FVII levels, and no other factors
predisposing to thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis
21:285–288 ß 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins.
Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 2010, 21:285–288
Keywords: factor VII deficiency, thrombocytopenia in pregnancy, vena porta
thrombosis
a
Department of Clinical Biochemistry,
b
Department of Hepatology,
Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen,
c
Medical Unit I, Dept Hematology,
Hilleroed Hospital and
d
Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, University of
Copenhagen, Denmark
Correspondence to Jolanta Klovaite, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev
Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
Tel: +45 4488 3307; fax: +45 4488 3311; e-mail: JOLKLO01@heh.regionh.dk
Received 28 September 2009 Revised 15 December 2009
Accepted 16 December 2009
Introduction
Congenital clotting factor VII (FVII) deficiency is inher-
ited as an autosomal recessive trait and is the most
common among the rare inherited coagulation disorders.
Clinical manifestations vary widely. Generally it is con-
sidered to be a hemorrhagic disorder, characterized by
poor correlation of factor level with bleeding. Some
individuals with very low levels of FVII do not bleed.
Others with higher levels have severe hemarthroses or
even lethal cerebral hemorrhages [1].
Recent evidences suggest that low levels of FVII do not
protect from high thrombosis risk factors such as surgery
and replacement therapy. Moreover, in rare cases FVII-
deficient patients present with spontaneous arterial or
venous thromboses [2,3].
Case report
In January 2005, a 30-year-old primaparous woman of
Indian origin at 32 weeks of gestation was admitted to our
hospital with symptoms of lower urinary tract infection
and severe thrombocytopenia. The patient complained
only of mild lower urinary tract discomfort. Apart from
this, for the period of the last few months, she had
occasional nasal bleeds and a slight tendency to easy
bruising all the time. The patient was otherwise well.
Physical examination revealed no abdominal tenderness
and no signs of bleeding or thrombosis. Blood pressure
was 120/60 mmHg, heart rate was 80 b.p.m. and tempera-
ture was 37.38C. Laboratory blood analysis showed low
platelet count (39 Â 10
9
/l, normal 150–400 Â 10
9
/l),
slightly increased international normalized ratio (INR)
(1.7, normal <1.3) and elevated D-dimer (3.7 mg/l, nor-
mal <0.5 mg/l). Activated partial thromboplastin time
(APTT) and fibrinogen were normal. Plasma liver
enzymes, total bilirubin, albumin and creatinine level
were also within reference range. The patient did not
have anemia, vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency. Infec-
tion parameters were not elevated. Urine examination
showed traces of leucocyturia, microscopic hematuria but
no traces of proteinuria. Sonography of the kidneys and
the urinary tract was normal and fetal monitoring
detected no signs of distress.
No laboratory test results obtained before the pregnancy
were available. The family history was not accessible.
The patient had been adopted at the age of 9 months
from India to Denmark.
Ten years ago the patient was hospitalized in another
institution because of sudden worsening epigastric pain
and pain in the right upper quadrant. The pain evolved
over few weeks from vague discomfort. Intravenous
urography detected a stone in the right renal pelvis with
consequent mild obstruction and she was treated with
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Abdominal ultra-
sound examination detected a 2 cm hypoecchoic process
behind the pancreas.
During 11 days of the actual hospitalization her clinical
status and biochemistry were without significant changes.
There was no evidence of hemolysis. Activity of the
Case report 285
0957-5235 ß 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins DOI:10.1097/MBC.0b013e3283370166