Comparison of Design Risk Factors of Multistory Commercial Office Buildings
Vineeth DHARMAPALAN
1
and John A. GAMBATESE
2
1
School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, 220 Owen
Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3212; email: d.vineeth@gmail.com
2
Professor, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University,
220 Owen Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-3212; Phone: (541) 737-8913; Email:
john.gambatese@oregonstate.edu
ABSTRACT
The risk associated with constructing multistory commercial buildings can
take many forms, with significant risk associated with construction site safety
hazards. The type and magnitude of risk present on construction sites depends to a
great extent on the permanent design features. A project’s design forms the basis for
the means and methods used during construction. If the risk factors associated with
design features are known, risk management can take place during the design stage to
select design alternatives which minimize construction safety risk. As part of a recent
research study, design risk factors were quantified for all of the construction activities
and equipment necessary to construct the shell of a multistory commercial office
building. The risk factors were developed through detailed input from general
contractor superintendents, general contractor safety managers, and trade contractor
personnel. For cast-in-place concrete, for example, the research results indicate that
there is no evidence of a difference in risk perception between general contractor
superintendents and general contractor safety managers in terms of risk ratings for the
activity risk, severity, and total risk. The construction and removal of formwork and
pouring of concrete show moderate to suggestive evidence of a difference in the
sample mean risk perceptions for the three group comparisons. There is moderate to
suggestive evidence of a difference for medium severity, high severity, and total risk
for the three group comparisons. There is no evidence of a difference in the way the
groups perceive near miss risks. The research results allow for comparison between
different design alternatives as well. For example, for steel stud versus concrete
masonry unit (CMU) block partition walls, there is moderate evidence that on an
average, the construction of CMU block wall has a larger cumulative risk of medium
severity and high severity injuries. This paper presents comparisons of risk
perception between the three sample groups for different design alternatives, along
with comparisons of the perceived risk between different design alternatives, to
illustrate the differences in construction safety risk expected during construction.
INTRODUCTION
The construction industry statistically remains one of the most dangerous
industries (Baradan and Mumtaz 2006; Carter and S. D. Smith 2006; Imriyas et al.
2007) with the construction site being a very hazardous environment for workers.
The industry is beginning to realize that the safety practices of the constructor during
construction alone are inadequate and there is a need for increased involvement by
the entire project team. Past research has shown that the designer is one such team
299 Construction Research Congress 2012 © ASCE 2012
Construction Research Congress 2012
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