Research Article
Microbial and Heavy Metal Contaminant of Antidiabetic Herbal
Preparations Formulated in Bangladesh
Rausan Zamir,
1
Anowar Hosen,
2
M. Obayed Ullah,
3
and Nilufar Nahar
2
1
Department of Natural Sciences, Dafodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
3
Department of Pharmacy, Dafodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Correspondence should be addressed to Rausan Zamir; rsnzamir@yahoo.com and M. Obayed Ullah; obayed.obhi@gmail.com
Received 29 May 2015; Revised 17 September 2015; Accepted 4 October 2015
Academic Editor: Srinivas Nammi
Copyright © 2015 Rausan Zamir et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Te aim of the current study was to evaluate microbial contamination in terms of microbial load (total aerobic count and total
coliform count) and specifc pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, particularly Escherichia coli 0157) in thirteen
antidiabetic herbal preparations (ADHPs) from Dhaka City. All the thirteen ADHPs had been found contaminated with fungi and
diferent pathogenic bacteria. From the data, it is found that only two of these preparations (ADHP-1 and ADHP-12) complied with
the safety limit (as stated in diferent Pharmacopoeias and WHO guidelines) evaluated by all diferent microbial counts. None of
these herbal preparations could assure the safety as all of them were contaminated by fungi. Te overall safety regarding heavy
metal content (Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb) was assured as none of them exceeded the safety limit of the daily intake. Microbial
contaminants in these herbal preparations pose a potential risk for human health and care should be taken in every step involved
in the preparation of these herbal preparations to assure safety.
1. Introduction
Over the recent times, the popularity of herbal medicine
is increased to such an extent that around 20% of world
population is now using herbal medicine in diferent forms
for diferent purposes [1]. In developing countries, it is
estimated that 70–80% of the population somehow relay
on nonconventional medicines mainly of herbal origins for
their primary health care [2], as they are cheap and easily
accessible [3]. Herbal preparations are produced from any
raw or processed part of a plant, which includes leaves,
stems, fowers, roots, and seeds, and in most of the cases
it is a complex mixture of organic chemicals from natural
sources [1, 4, 5]. As diferent plant parts are used in a herbal
preparation, it may carry a large number of various kinds of
microbes originating from soil usually adhering to diferent
parts of herbs [5] (Table 1). Moreover, in some of the herbal
preparations, particularly Ayurvedic formulation, the use of
heavy metals is intentional, as some of these heavy metals
are believed to have benefcial efect on our body. In general,
most common contaminants are heavy metals, pesticides,
microbes, and mycotoxins [6, 7].
Te range of the usage [8] of herbal preparations is
vast as they are frequently used in the treatment of several
chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus).
Diabetes is a noncommunicable heterogeneous group of
disorder and afects approximately 200 million individuals
globally. Moreover, it is predicted that over 300 million people
will be diabetic by 2015 [8, 9]. In general, this poses challenges
to the health care and social welfare but, in particular, it is
a huge challenge to a developing country like Bangladesh
because of its limited resources and weak economy. Te
trend of uses of antidiabetic herbal preparations (mostly
based on Ayurvedic and Unani formulary) is increasing day
by day among the population of Bangladesh. In parallel,
there is a rising concern regarding the safety and efcacy
of these herbal preparations as most of them contain dif-
ferent contaminants including microbial contaminants and
heavy metals (particularly in Ayurvedic preparation). In
most of the developed countries, herbal preparations are
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Volume 2015, Article ID 243593, 9 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/243593