Scientifc African 21 (2023) e01800 Available online 20 July 2023 2468-2276/© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). A psychometric analysis of a Ghanaian tool (PCaKAB-Gh) for studying prostate cancer knowledge, attitudes and beliefs amongst women Ebenezer Wiafe a, b, * , Kof Boamah Mensah a, c , Isaac Forson Adjei d , Frasia Oosthuizen a , Varsha Bangalee a a Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa b Clinical Pharmacy Services Unit, Directorate of Pharmacy, Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana c Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana d Department of Languages and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana A R T I C L E INFO Editor: DR B Gyampoh Keywords: Early detection technique Ghanaian tool Prostate cancer Psychometric study Women involvement ABSTRACT Several Ghanaian studies have examined prostate cancer knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. However, none of these studies was conducted in women except our previous study which served as the third stage in the development of a local robust tool, PCaKAB-Gh, to assess women’s knowledge about prostate cancer. Although the subject had previously been studied in Ghana, none of the studies utilized a psychometrically valid tool and focused on involving women in the early detection of prostate cancer. For this purpose, we performed a psychometric study on a 41- item tool to improve robustness. The study which was the fnal stage of the tool development process employed a cross-sectional approach and conveniently recruited 500 participants. Sta- tistical analysis to assess the reliability and construct validity of the tool was performed. The factors of the tool had Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega coeffcients of 0.53 – 0.78 and refected favourable internal consistency. The Exploratory Factor Analysis, using the Principal Component Analysis with Varimax with Kaiser Normalization, generated 5 factors with itemized factor loadings of 0.44 – 0.80, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy of 0.857, and a signifcant Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity (2293.448, p-value < 0.001). A variance of 55.3% was explained. The Confrmatory Factor Analysis had a Root Mean Square Error of Approximation and a Standardized Root Mean Square Residual below 0.050, and a Comparative Fit Index and a Tucker-Lewis Index above 0.900 which indicated satisfactory ft indices (p-value < 0.001). The study successfully developed a 24-item psychometrically valid tool, with 5 factors, to be used to study the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about prostate cancer among Ghanaian women. The availability of the PCaKAB-Gh tool, the frst of its kind, would permit the active involvement of women in improving the early detection of prostate cancer to reduce the cost of therapy and improve management outcomes. * Corresponding author at: Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. E-mail address: weben38@gmail.com (E. Wiafe). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Scientifc African journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sciaf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01800