DOES PREMIUM EXIST IN THE STOCK MARKET FOR LABOR
INCOME GROWTH RATE? A SIX-FACTOR-ASSET-PRICING
MODEL: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTAN
NAVEED KHAN
Department of Management Sciences
Islamia College University Peshawar, Pakistan
Mandoori42@gmail.com
HASSAN ZADA
*
Department of Management Sciences
SZABIST Islamabad, Pakistan
Hassanzaada@gmail.com
IMRAN YOUSAF
Department of Business Studies
Namal University, Mianwali, Pakistan
Imranyousaf.fin@gmail.com
Published 22 June 2022
The objective of this study is to explore Roy and Shijin [(2018). A six factor assets pricing
model. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(3), 205–217] six-factor-model of asset pricing by
extending Fama and French five-factor model to include human capital as a sixth factor
in the context of Pakistan — an emerging country in Asia, and to test the validity of the six-
factor asset pricing model in explaining time-series variations in portfolio returns of
Pakistan equity market. For this purpose, we use Fama and Macbeth’ s two-pass time series
regression technique to test the validity and applicability of the six-factor model. The
findings indicate that the six factors model is an appropriate asset pricing model for
explaining time-series variations in Pakistan. Furthermore, the human capital (labor income
growth rate) is significant for most of the portfolios constructed in this study, which implies
that the human capital significantly explains time-series variations in portfolio returns. The
empirical results encourage all types of investors and academics to incorporate human
capital into asset pricing models. It helps in more accurately estimating the required rate of
return, which can improve asset pricing models.
Keywords: Human capital; market premium; profitability premium; value premium; investment
premium; size premium; six-factor model of asset pricing.
JEL Classifications: G11, J31, C58
*
Corresponding author.
Annals of Financial Economics
Vol. 17, No. 3 (September 2022) 2250017 (24 pages)
© World Scientific Publishing Company
DOI: 10.1142/S2010495222500178
2250017-1