www.energetic-materials.org.cn 含能材料 Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials， Vol.27, No.4, 2019（ 326-347 ） Sabrina Hanafi ，Djalal Trache ，Slimane Abdous ，Zineddine Bensalem ，Abderrahmane Mezroua 5⁃Nitro⁃1， 2， 4⁃triazole⁃3⁃one： A Review of Recent Advances Sabrina Hanafi ， Djalal Trache， Slimane Abdous ， Zineddine Bensalem， Abderrahmane Mezroua （UER Procédés Energétiques ， Ecole Militaire Polytechnique ， Algiers 16046， Algeria） Abstract： The 3‑Nitro‑1， 2， 4‑triazole‑5‑one（ NTO ）is a high energy density materials of keen interest for both commercial and scientific worlds owing to its reduced sensitivity， better thermal stability and high performances. It plays a significant role to re‑ place the current energetic ingredients. In this review， we summarize various strategies involved in the synthesis of NTO as well as the existing approaches to tailor its particle morphology and sizes. The most prominent properties of NTO， such as insensitivi‑ ty and performance，which are usually required to produce efficient formulations， have been concisely discussed. In addition， this overview reports on some newer forms of NTO including derivatives and co‑crystals available in the literature ， which can en‑ hance the NTO features and extend its applications. The advantages and shortcomings of various NTO forms for specific and po‑ tential use are also highlighted together with the attempts made to overcome these issues. Therefore， efforts will certainly contin‑ ue to improve characteristics and performances of NTO either by chemical modification or by co‑crystallization in order to pro‑ duce promising formulations for widespread applications in the near future. Key words： Triazolone； 3‑nitro‑1， 2， 4‑triazole‑5‑one（ NTO ）； synthesis； properties； particle morphology； derivatives； co‑crystals； applications CLC number： TJ55 Document code： A DOI： 10.11943/CJEM2018371 1 Introduction The study of high energetic materials， e.g.， ex‑ plosives，propellants，and pyrotechnics，has drawn much attention in military and civilian engineering science. The most commonly used energetic materi‑ als （ EMs ）are 1， 3， 5， 7‑tetranitro‑1， 3， 5， 7‑tetraazacy‑ clooctane （ HMX ）， 1， 3， 5‑trinitro‑1， 3， 5‑triazacyclo‑ hexane （ RDX ）， 2， 4， 6‑trinitrotoluene （ TNT ）， ammo‑ nium perchlorate （ AP ）， nitroglycerin （ NG ）， and ni‑ trocellulose （ NC ） ［1-4 ］ . Recently，some of new ener‑ getic materials have shown prominent applications， such as hexaazahexanitroisowurtzitane （ HNIW， CL‑20 ），2， 6‑diamino‑3， 5‑dinitropyrazine‑1‑oxide （ LLM‑105 ）， 1， 1‑diamino‑2， 2‑dinitroethylene （ FOX‑7 ），1， 3， 3‑trinitroazetidine （ TNAZ ），2， 4， 6‑triamino‑1， 3， 5‑trinitrobenzene （ TATB ） and 3‑ni‑ tro‑1， 2， 4‑triazole‑5‑one （ NTO ） ［5-8 ］ . The synthesis，modification and application of such materials are still very active. Major effort sare devoted to develop high performance EMs with not only excellent combustion / detonation properties， high densities， and positive oxygen balances， but al‑ so good thermal stabilities， insensitivities to external forces， inexpensive synthesis， safe handling and‑ good environmental compatibility， among others. However， achieving a fine balance between the vari‑ ous requirements of physicochemical properties is an interesting but challenging task because enhance‑ ment in some properties （ e. g. performance ） often comes at the expense of the others （ e. g. molecular stability ） . NTO has captured a major role in research of 文章编号： 1006‑9941 （ 2019 ） 04‑0326‑22 Received Date ： 2018‑12‑29； Revised Date ： 2019‑01‑25 Published Online ： 2019‑03‑01 Biography ：Sabrina Hanafi （1993-），female ，PhD，Research field ： energetic materials ， nano‑catalysts ， propellant ， characterization. e‑mail ： sabrinahnf@yahoo.com Corresponding author ：Djalal Trache （1982 -），male ， Teacher‑Re‑ searcher ，Research field ：propellant ，stability ，new energetic mate‑ rials ，analytical chemistry ，nano‑catalysts ，kinetics ，bio‑based ma‑ terials ， advanced materials. e‑mail ： djalaltrache@gmail.com 引用本文: Sabrina Hanafi, Djalal Trache, Slimane Abdous, et al. 5‑Nitro‑1,2,4‑triazole‑3‑one:A Review of Recent Advances[J]. Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials （Hanneng Cailiao） ,2019,27(4):326-347. 326