Copyright © 2023 The Author(s): This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) *Corresponding author: Arif Fahtur Rohman 155 ISRG Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences (ISRGJAHSS) ISRG PUBLISHERS Abbreviated Key Title: ISRG J Arts Humanit Soc Sci ISSN 2583-7672 (Online) Journal homepage: https://isrgpublishers.com/isrgjahss Volume -1 Issue-1V (July-August) 2023 Frequency: Bimonthly ILMU FALAK : THE INTEGRATION OF ASTRONOMY AND ISLAM ( IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARADIGM OF UNITY OF SIENCE) Arif Fahtur Rohman UIN Walisongo Semarang | Received: 07.07.2023 | Accepted: 19.07.2023 | Published: 21.07.2023 *Corresponding author: Arif Fahtur Rohman UIN Walisongo Semarang Introduction Ilmu falak is still not very familiar to the ears of most Indonesian people, if it is called that way. But if pronounced with other synonyms; "astronomy", I'm sure some of us will immediately understand the terminology of the science. Why is that? In our opinion, because astronomy is a very rare branch of science. Unlike mathematics, for example, which is taught in almost all schools and at all levels of education. In addition, the characteristics of Indonesian’s falak which are identical with "Islamic boarding schools" 1 and "ancient Islam" increasingly make this science "haunted" for some people, even for Muslims themselves. 1 The history of the entry of ilmu falak cannot be separated from the network of Ulama and Pesantren Indonesia, who at that time studied a lot in the Arabic. Like Muhammad Manshur al-Batawi, it turned out that his monumental book "Sulam an-Nayyirain" came from the results of his studies while in Arabic. Look at Ahmad Izzuddin, Analisis Kritis Hisab Awal Bulan Qomariyyah dalam Kitab Sullamun Nayyirain (Semarang: Skripsi Fakultas Syariah IAIN Walisongo Semarang, 1997). Astronomy actually has a fate that is not much different from ilmu falak. This branch of science, because it is so difficult, does not really have room for interest by the Indonesian people. But at least, if people are asked about astronomy then they will immediately imagine about everything that is beyond Earth, for example; Sun, Moon, Stars, Asteroids, Comets, even Aliens. Because astronomy is synonymous with things like that in the minds and heads of our society. Falak does not have this kind of thing. Never mind imagining, hearing the phrase "ilmu falak" alone is not common in the ears. Ilmu Falak and astronomy, from a linguistic point of view, are the same thing. If we look at the Arabic-Indonesian translation, falak is a translation of the word astronomy itself. 2 But epitymologically, falak comes from Arabic which means; The orbit or orbit of a 2 Look at online dictionary Mu'jam al-Ma'āni and google translate. 'Ilm al-falak is translated as the science of astronomy. Abstract This study examines the phenomenon of ilmu falak which is often considered different from astronomy. In fact, if we examine further, both are the same science. The narrowing of definitions occurred between the two, along with the long history of the two sciences. Until then, today's definition narrows the terminology of ilmu falak as practical astronomy that is used to help the needs of Muslims in worship. Then the polemic occurred when ilmu falak was entered as a major taught at several Islamic universities in Indonesia. Is the application a "tragedy" dichotomy of science, or is it the opposite, an effort to implement the paradigm of the unity of science itself? Based on the literary method using a phenomenological descriptive approach and a unitary science paradigm approach, the results of the study show that ilmu falak and astronomy are actually the same scientific unit. The narrowing of the definition of astronomy occurs, because of the long history of science. And ilmu falak approach as a major/course at several Islamic universities in Indonesia, is an implementation of the paradigm of integration of science itself, namely between astronomy and Islamic jurisprudence. Keywords: Ilmu Falak, Astronomy, Integration, Science, Paradigm