Excel as a Qualitative Data
Analysis Tool
DANIEL Z. MEYER
Illinois Institute of Technology
LEANNE M. AVERY
State University of New York College at Oneonta
Qualitative research seeks to examine the interconnections in rich, complex data sources.
The statistical tools of quantitative methods separate out pieces of data in a manner that
defeats the purpose. But, like quantitative researchers, qualitative researchers often still
find themselves overwhelmed by the amount of data and equally in need of tools to extend
their human senses. This has led the development of a number of software packages
designed for this purpose. An often overlooked option, however, is Microsoft Excel. Excel
is generally considered a number cruncher. However, its structure and data manipulation
and display features can be utilized for qualitative analysis. In this article, the authors
discuss data preparation, analysis, and presentation, including discussion of lesser
known features of Excel.
Keywords: qualitative methods; data analysis; constant comparative method
Researchers using qualitative data often find themselves lost in a sea of
data. Although it is the very richness and interconnectiveness that we find
appealing, the data can also be overwhelming. Some sense must be made
of them while preserving their complexity. We therefore conceptualize
tracking as a central hurdle in qualitative data analysis: We often need to be
able to connect one bit of qualitative data to another bit. This need to track
has resulted in a significant market for qualitative data analysis software
tools that utilize the power of modern computing to augment our own
human senses.
Excel is often viewed as a number cruncher and is therefore associated
with quantitative data analysis, but we have also found it useful as a quali-
tative tool. It can handle large amounts of data, provide multiple attributes,
and allow for a variety of display techniques. In this article, we demonstrate
the use of Excel as a qualitative data analysis tool. We will cover data
preparation, analysis, and presentation, paying particular attention to less
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Field Methods, Vol. 21, No. 1, February 2009 91–112
DOI: 10.1177/1525822X08323985
© 2009 Sage Publications
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