International
Marketing
Review
13,5
98
Logistics strategy: does it
travel well?
Steven R. Clinton and Roger J. Calantone
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Logistics has emerged as a subject of considerable interest in the wake of
American transport deregulation, European unification efforts, global supply
chain management concepts, and growth in regional trading blocs.
Traditionally viewed as a cost centre it is now fashionable to speak of logistics
in a strategic context – an element of possible advantage in an increasingly
competitive international trading environment. Embedded in this view of
logistics is the idea of logistics strategy.
To date, work in this area has been primarily conducted in the USA and
Canada (Bowersox and Daugherty, 1987; Bowersox et al ., 1989; McGinnis and
Kohn, 1990; 1993). In their 1987 article, Bowersox and Daugherty identified
three primary logistics strategies – process, market and channel – based on a
domestic US sample. This typology has recently been used in Michigan State
University’s Global Logistics Study. An expansion of this study into six
European countries (England, France, Germany, T he Netherlands, Norway, and
Sweden) and three Pacific Basin countries (Australia, Korea, Japan) provides a
unique opportunity to investigate the cross-cultural applicability of logistics
measures.
This paper investigates the appropriateness of the use of the Bowersox et al .
logistics strategy typology in transnational research. It builds on previous
research (Clinton and Closs, 1995) which indicates that within the US and
Canadian samples there is empirical support for the typology. For the purposes
of this investigation, the focus is on two subgroups: first, English-speaking
countries (USA vs. England vs. Australia); and second, non-linguistically
equivalent countries (US vs. Germany vs. Japan). Within these groups the
concentration is on conceptual equivalence across national boundaries.
Background
Bowersox and Daugherty (1987), using a qualitative research design,
investigated linkages between organization structure and logistics strategy.
This study identified three distinct strategies: process, market, and information.
Based on this initial work, Bowersox et al . (1989) continued investigating
logistics strategy in the “leading edge” initiative. Information strategy was
redesignated as “channel” strategy. The process/market/channel classification
was published in Leading Edge Logistics: Competitive Positioning for the 1990s.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support given by the United Parcel Foundation and
Council of Logistics Management.
International Marketing Review,
Vol. 13 No. 5, 1996, pp. 98-112.
© MCB University Press, 0265-1335