Modelling case study for holistic
production control
D.Gradiˇ sar
*
M.Glavan
*
J. Kocijan
*,**
S. Strmˇ cnik
*
*
Joˇ zef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia (e-mail:
dejan.gradisar@ijs.si).
**
University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
Abstract: The paper describes the part of research based on the idea of a holistic production
control and optimisation concept which would be based on a simple model of only a few
principal production Performance Indicators (pPI) (such as production rate, quality of products
and associated costs). The model would be extracted from historical plant data using various
statistical, identification and data mining techniques. Such a concept would enable simple
upgrading of existing MES and similar tools which enable collection of a vast amount of data,
but are relatively weak in offering support for decisions and control. The paper presents the
modelling part of the procedure for the design of the holistic control and optimisation of the
production, i.e. the derivation of a simple pPI model using neural networks. The modelling is
demonstrated on the well known Tennessee Eastman benchmark process, which represents a
plant-wide industrial production of chemical components.
Keywords: Holistic Production Control, Production Performance Indicators, Black-box
modelling.
1. INTRODUCTION
The modern business environment demands an instant re-
sponse to customers needs, a short product life cycle, prod-
uct diversification, minimal inventories, extremely short
lead times, etc. Advanced manufacturing requires quick
and accurate decisions and actions at all management
levels in a factory. The demand for high cost effectiveness
has turned modern industry away from the planned pro-
duction concept to an order-driven one. This has entailed a
new concept of management based on an online estimation
of the current situation together with efficient decision
making and execution. There exists different tools that
help managing activities within that kind of business envi-
ronment, however we can notice some lack of capabilities
which could improve the performance at the production
control level.
Over the years, the area of plant-wide control has attracted
the process engineering community and a number of solu-
tions were suggested.
On the one hand research is dealing with a hierarchical
decomposition of the original control design problem based
on heuristic rules. The heuristic logic is developed so
to keep process variability and therefore the operational
plant objectives under acceptable limits for a given set of
disturbances (see Luyben et al. [2004] or Skogestad [2002]).
In recent years closed-loop control is being used also at the
so called production control level – the level between busi-
ness and process control levels. One promising approach
here is Real-Time Optimisation (RTO). Engell [2007] de-
fines RTO as a model based upper-level control system
that is operated in closed loop and provides set-points
to the lower-level control systems in order to maintain
the process operation as close as possible to the economic
optimum. Summary of recent developments and applica-
tions of dynamic real-time optimisation is given by Kadam
and Marquardt [2007]. An aspects of how to use Model
Predictive Control within the RTO structure is presented
by Rawlings and Amrit [2009].
On the other hand, there are mathematically oriented
approaches based on the solution of a given large scale
mixed integer nonlinear programming dynamic optimisa-
tion problem. In the limit those solution methods should
be able to simultaneously determine the optimal process
units size and their interconnections as well as the optimal
control scheme configuration (see Biegler and Grossmann
[2004] for a review).
The main idea of our research is to derive a holistic control
and optimisation concept which would be based on a
simple model of only a few principal production Perfor-
mance Indicators (pPI) (such as production rate, quality
of products and associated costs). The model would be ex-
tracted from historical plant data using various statistical,
identification and data mining techniques. Such a concept
would enable simple upgrading of existing MES and simi-
lar tools which enable collection of a vast amount of data,
but are relatively weak in offering support for decisions
and control. The control and optimisation system based
on the proposed approach would thus increase flexibility
and performance of production control, simultaneously
achieving the most important global production objectives
and to certain extent eliminating the subjective decisions
of production managers.
2010 Management and Control of Production Logistics
University of Coimbra, Portugal
September 8-10, 2010
978-3-902661-81-4/10/$20.00 © 2010 IFAC 186
10.3182/20100908-3-PT-3007.00035