Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan March 2020, 14(1):7-11 P-ISSN : 1978-225X; E-ISSN : 2502-5600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21157/ j.ked.hewan.v14i1.13562 7 SINGLE BULB GARLIC (Allium sativum) EXTRACT IMPROVES SPERM QUALITY IN HYPERLIPIDEMIA MALE MICE MODEL Nosi Qadariah 1 , Sri Rahayu Lestari 2 *, and Fatchur Rohman 2 1 Biology Education Program Study, Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia 2 Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Indonesia *Corresponding author: srirahayulestari@um.ac.id ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to find out the influence of single bulb garlic on sperm quality improvement in hyperlipidemia model of male mice. Male mice (Balb-C, 12 weeks, bw 21±5 g) were given high fat diet for 45 days until their body weight achieved 45±5 g. The mice were then divided into six groups. The mice in the first group (control group, N) were fed with 7 g higrow pokphan 551 per day. The mice in the second group (control negative group) was fed with 7 g high fat diet (HFD), while the mice in the third group (control positive group) were treated with statin at dose of 0.91 mg. The mice in groups 4, 5, and 6 were treated with single bulb garlic extract at dose of 125 mg/kg bw, 250 mg/kg bw, and 500 mg/kg bw, respectively. On the 31 st day, the mice were dissected and cauda epididymis was taken and chopped in sterile Phosphat Buffer Saline (PBS) and observation conducted on sperm quality consisted of sperm count, sperm motility and sperm normality. The results indicated a significant increase in sperm count, motility and normality in mice treated with single bulb garlic extract at dose of 250 mg/kg bw. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: hyperlipidemia, single bulb garlic, sperm quality ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak bawang putih tunggal terhadap perbaikan kualitas sperma mencit jantan model hiperlipidemia. Mencit jantan (Balb-C, 12 minggu, bb 21±5 g) diberikan makan tinggi lemak selama 45 hari hingga mencapai berat badan 40 g sampai 50 g. Mencit dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan. Mencit pada kelompok 1diberikan pakan higrow pokphan 551 sebanyak 7 g perhari. Mencit pada kelompok 2 (kontrol negatif) pakan tinggi lemak sebanyak 7 g perhari, sedangkan tikus pada kelompok 3 (kontrol positif), diberikan statin dengan dosis 0.91 mg. Tikus pada kelompok 4, 5, dan 6 diberikan ekstrak bawang putih tunggal dengan dosis masing-masing 125 mg/kg bb, 250 mg/kg bb, and 500 mg/kg bb selama 30 hari. Pada hari ke 31, mencit dibedah dan diambil cauda epipidimis lalu dicacah dalam phosphat buffer saline (PBS) steril kemudian dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kualitas sperma yang meliputi jumlah, motilitas, dan normalitas sperma. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah, motilitas, dan normalitas sperma yang signifikanpada tikus yang diberikan ekstrak bawang putih tunggal dosis 250 mg/kg bb. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: hiperlipidemia, bawang putih tunggal, kualitas sperma INTRODUCTION Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the highest death cause in the world for all ages. In 2016, World Health Organization recorded an estimation of 17.7 million people died of CHD or 31% of all global dead causes (WHO, 2017). In Indonesia, it is recorded that 12.9% of death are due to CHD making it as the highest cause of death after stroke (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2017). CHD main cause is atherosclerosis (Steinberg, 2005; Getz and Reardon, 2007). Atherosclerosis is one of diseases caused by low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidative and blockage or plaque thickening in arteries (Tabas, 2004). Plaque thickening inhibits blood circulation to heart (Frostegard, 2013). The causes of atherosclerosis are hypertension, infection (Tabas, 2004; Aziz, 2006; Yunarto and Aini, 2015) and the main cause is high lipid level in blood or hyperlipidemia (Yang and Koo, 2000; Tomkin and Owens, 2012). Hyperlipidemia is a condition where lipid level in blood increases beyond the normal limit and total cholesterol level, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) increase but high density lipoprotein (HDL) decreases (Minich et al., 1997; Almatsier, 2004). Various factors influence hyperlipidemia. The dominant factor is high fat diet (Otunola et al., 2010; Balqis and Panunggal, 2013). Hyperlipidemia gives negative impact on reproduction system (Chertok et al., 2001; Zhu et al., 2005; Gofur and Lestari, 2016), which is a decrease in sperm quality consisted of sperm count, motility and normality (Ohara et al., 1993; Bashandy, 2006). Statin is a type of drug often used to cure hyperlipidemia condition (Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group, 2002; Tremblay et al., 2011; Taylor et al., 2013). Statin reduces lipid level by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl Co-enzyme A (HMG-CoA) conversion into cholesterol precursor and mevalonate by inhibiting HMG-CoA enzyme reductase (McKenney, 2003). Continuous statin consumption could bring various negative side effects for body (Golomb and Evans, 2010; Bitzur, 2016; Roy et al., 2017), namely fertility disturbance (Ramirez-Torres et al., 2000) and testosterone production disturbance (Schooling et al., 2013), decreased total sperm count, decreased semen concentration and sperm motility reduction and change the functions of prostatic gland and epididymis (Niederberger, 2005; Pons-Rejraji et al., 2014). Community awareness on the danger of statin encourages the need of natural drug that could lower lipid level in blood, such as single bulb garlic (Allium sativum). Single bulb garlic has been acknowledged as a plant for various diseases (Papu et al., 2014; Ifora et