~ 1497 ~ The Pharma Innovation Journal 2023; SP-12(7): 1497-1505 ISSN (E): 2277-7695 ISSN (P): 2349-8242 NAAS Rating: 5.23 TPI 2023; SP-12(7): 1497-1505 © 2023 TPI www.thepharmajournal.com Received: 23-05-2023 Accepted: 26-06-2023 Gyan Prakash Assistant Professor, Department of Food Technology, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India Rajesh Kumar Mishra Assistant Professor, Department of Food Technology, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: Gyan Prakash Assistant Professor, Department of Food Technology, AKS University, Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India Edible and bio-based food packaging: A review Gyan Prakash and Rajesh Kumar Mishra Abstract The development of edible/biodegradable films/coatings is a key and unique field of exploration within food packaging which possesses enormous commercial and environmental potential. The potential use of edible packaging has been well recognized by many research groups and the food and pharmaceutical industry as an alternative or synergistic complement to conventional packaging to enhance food protection and/or recyclability of packaging. Various innovative uses of edible films and coatings have been proposed as both new applications and alternatives to existing technologies. The dry thermoplastic process is rapidly developing as a viable commercial process for the production of edible film-forming materials, which can be used in food-grade coatings and soluble packaging to create more effective and convenient packaging solutions, among others, and with environmentally friendly approaches, are a challenge for research and development in the packaging industry. Keywords: Edible films, edible coatings, starch, chitosan, egg white protein, whey protein essential oils, plant extracts, polyphenols Introduction Of the 78 million tonnes of plastic packaging produced worldwide each year, only 14% is recycled. Nine million tonnes of uncollected lightweight floating plastic ends up in our oceans every year. Most of them come from Most of the recycled plastic is shredded, melted and converted into products such as timber, fleece and carpets, but these products still end up in landfills. Manufacturers are making bottles and shrink wrap thinner and thinner, but the facts remain the same. Plastics are made from non-renewable oil or natural gas developing countries that lack the infrastructure to manage them. The problem is expected to worsen as these countries become wealthier and inevitably begin to consume more processed foods. packaging waste. Resources, and in most cases are never recycled. The use of food packaging is a socioeconomic indicator of population purchasing power or Gross domestic product increase and local (rural and urban) food availability. The utilization of edible packaging can reduce the complexity of overall packaging requirements by allowing conversion from multilayer or multilevel packaging to a single-component package, resulting in source reduction and improved recyclability of the simplified packaging system without compromising protective functions (Krochta 2002) [27] . Edible packaging materials can also be used for nonedible packaging as an O2- or grease-barrier layer to improve protective functions and biodegradability of multilayer packaging (Hong & Krochta 2003, 2004; Han & Krochta 2001, Chan & Krochta 2001a, b; Lin & Krochta 2003, Lee et al. 2008) [22, 23, 20, 5-6, 31, 30] . History of Food Packaging Hundreds of years ago, food was mostly grown and produced locally and therefore did not require packaging. Except, of course, for luxuries such as sugar, which were imported in ships' sacks and barrels. However, as time passed, the population increased, industry developed, and food transportation became essential. The Industrial Revolution brought many innovations, such as metal cans and cardboard boxes. Manufacturing processes have improved significantly, and luxury goods suppliers have agreed that the quality of packaging should reflect the quality of the food. Quality at the time meant toughness and longevity, so the packaging was designed to serve multiple functions. Great progress has been made in the last 30 years. Polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate were also developed for food pouches and foil covers, revolutionizing the design of aluminum cans with simpler, more cost-effective designs. Although invented in the 1950s, the first barcode scanners weren't installed in supermarkets until the mid-1970s.