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International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (3.20) (2018) 435-440
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET
Research paper
Review on Device-to-Device Communication in Cellular based
Network Systems
Mustafa Hasan Al-Bowarab, Nurul Azma Zakaria
2
, Zaheera Zainal Abidin
3
, Ziadoon Kamil Maseer
4
Center for Advanced Computing Technology, Faculty of Information Communication Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
(UTeM), Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian Tunggal, Melaka Malaysia
Abstract
In a traditional cellular-network based system, the devices are not allowed to be interconnected directly in the certified mobile
bandwidth, and all communications are carried out via the base station (BS). At present, device terminal broadcasting allows devices in
the distributed network to act as transmitting relays to each other and reach a massive ad hoc network of networks that is different from
the previous cellular architecture that faces technical challenges. Therefore, this article explores the application of a cellular-based two-
layer network system that includes a base station (BS) cellular layer, such as cellular-to-device communication and communication
between devices. In the proposed two-tier cellular-based network system, user data is transmitted through other users' devices to
implement the privacy protection that is lacking in prior communication between devices in cellular systems. To ensure a negligible
impact on the performance of current communication between devices, a two-layer network is assimilated to autonomous interference
management schemes and associated resource allocation schemes. The findings from this review provide an overview of the major
challenges in two-tier networks and propose a two-tier cellular-based system in which user data is routed through other users' devices to
implement privacy protection.
Keywords: data-to-data communication; cellular-to-device communications; network communications; celluar bases system; two-tier network.
1. Introduction
With the launch of several smart handheld devices, mobile
broadband user needs are experiencing unrivaled growth. The
sharp rise in bandwidth systems, such as sharing media files and
streaming videos, is already pushing the limits of current cellular-
based systems. The ever-increasing demand for advanced data
rates and capabilities requires unconventional thinking for a new
generation of cellular network systems [1]. Mobile network-based
networking means a new class of wireless communication
techniques in which network nodes help each other to transfer
data to realize spatial benefits.
This new communication paradigm promises a significant
increase in performance in terms of transmission range,
communication reliability, efficiency, spectral and system
capabilities [2]. Cooperative comm unication has been
extensively explored in literature and static broadcasting of
terminals, which primarilzy involve the deployment of low-
power base stations to support data communication between
destination and source. Device-to-Device (D2D) network
Communication in cellular network systems brings improvements
in cellular systems, but full collaboration capability can only be
achieved by application transfer devices. The term network
communication between devices therefore refers to a portable
wireless device or any other mobile phone with mobile
connectivity, such as a laptop, tablet, etc. which is owned by an
end user. Device communication allows devices in the network to
function as relay relays and to implement a massive ad hoc
network [3].
This is, of course, probable with the capabilities of cellular based
network systems on device-to-devices, which allows two nearby
devices to interconnect each other in the licensed cellular
bandwidth without a connected base station or a limited base
station (BS) association. It is clearly a dramatic departure from
orthodox cellular architecture. In the first four versions of
cellular-based network systems, the D2D communication options
have not been decided. This is mainly because it is primarily int
ended as a tool to reduce the costs of providing local services
which were negligible in the past on the basis of market data on
cellular transactions [4].
For this reason, operators' access to D2D features has recently
changed due to numerous developments in the wireless market.
The number of awareness-raising applications and services is
growing rapidly. These applications need to communicate with
neighboring devices as well as possessing location discovery
features. Therefore, the availability of such features would reduce
the communication fee between the devices. D2D features can
also play a lively role in mobile cloud computing, enabling
operational sharing of application resources, computational social
content, energy spectrum, and so on. For users who are close to
each other. In addition, service providers can use the D2D
capabilities to use some off-network capabilities in a remote area
such as campuses by enabling direct communication between
mobile phones and other related devices [5].
In addition, D2D capabilities can be effectively used in
communicating natural disasters. In the case of a hurricane or an
earthquake, an emergency network based on data communication
can be deployed using D2D functions in a short space of time and
replace the broken communications network and Internet
infrastructure. In the current trend, previous technologies and
systems like Bluetooth or WiFi bring some D2D communication
capabilities. However, it operates in an unlicensed band and the