RESEARCH ARTICLE Organic inclusions evidence, composition, and cathodoluminescence behaviour for the formation conditions of fluorapatite from Anemzi (Morocco) Magdalena Dumańska‐Słowik 1 | Aleksandra Wesełucha‐Birczyńska 2 | Wiesław Heflik 1 | Weronika Maksymiuk 1 | Magdalena Sikorska‐Jaworowska 3 1 Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland 3 Department of Regional Geology, Polish Geological Institute‐National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland Correspondence Magdalena Dumańska‐Słowik, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza av., 30‐059 Krakow, Poland. Email: dumanska@agh.edu.pl Funding information AGH University of Science and Technol- ogy, Grant/Award Number: 11.11.140.158 Abstract Fluorapatite from Anemzi alkaline syenite hosts a wealth of solid organic inclusions, mainly of aliphatic (2,935–2,845 cm -1 ) and aromatic hydrocarbon compositions (3,100–3,000 cm -1 ), as well as traces of bituminous matter showing a low degree of ordering. The tiny inclusions built from oxides of titanium (rutile and anatase) are the only mineral phases found in host crystals. The two‐phase, liquid–gas fluid inclusions are composed of aliphatic and aromatic functional groups, revealing bands in the region 1,600–1,200 cm -1 . A slightly chemically varied composition and blue, homog- enous cathodoluminescence colours, activated mainly by Ce 3+ , as well as a small volume of mineral inclusions in apatite, indicate that its crystallization, as influenced by hydrocarbon‐ and carbonaceous matter‐bearing fluids, proceeded under stable environmental conditions. It is probable that these fluids were migrated within the adjacent carbonate rocks found in the vicinity of alkaline syenites, which could be the source of organic components entrapped by apatite. A numerous assemblage of organic inclusions is diagnos- tic feature for gem quality green apatite from Anemzi. KEYWORDS bituminous matter, fluorapatite, hydrocarbons, inclusion, nepheline syenite 1 | INTRODUCTION Apatite is one of the most abundant accessory phosphates found in many types of rocks. Silica‐undersaturated igneous rocks, especially nepheline syenite, carbonatite, and alkaline ultramafic, are known to host significant economic deposits of this phosphorus‐bearing mineral. The structure of apatite is hexagonal with the space group P6 3 /m. The apatite supergroup minerals include phases with the generic chemical formula IX M1 2 VII M2 3 ( IV TO 4 ) 3 X(Z = 2), where the M site is typi- cally occupied by Ca 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , Mn 2+ , Na + , Ce 3+ , La 3+ ,Y 3+ , and Bi 3 , and the T‐site mainly contains P 5+ , As 5+ ,V 5+ , Si 4+ ,S 6+ , and B 3+ . The X anion position is mostly occupied by F - , Cl - , and (OH) - . [1] Due to the large tolerance of the structure towards substitutions involving a wide range of cations and anions, apatite supergroup minerals can be a repository for incompatible and volatile components in late‐magmatic, pegmatite, and post‐magmatic mineral paragenesis. [2] It was previously observed that the incorporation of trace elements in accessory apatite minerals strongly depends on the petrology and specifics of host rocks. [3,4] Thus, geochemical features of apatite can be used as Received: 14 June 2018 Revised: 18 August 2018 Accepted: 22 August 2018 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.5484 J Raman Spectrosc. 2018;1–13. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/jrs 1