16
Armed Forces & Society
Volume 35 Number 1
October 2008 16-35
© 2008 Inter-University
Seminar on Armed Forces and
Society. All rights reserved.
10.1177/0095327X07301047
http://afs.sagepub.com
hosted at
http://online.sagepub.com
Teaching Sociology at Saint-
Cyr, 1983-2004 and Beyond
A Personal Account
Bernard Boëne
University of Rennes
This article recounts the course of sociology as a teaching subject at the French mili-
tary academy from the personal perspective of one of its local protagonists. Having
placed its introduction in context, it points up the motives behind a reform of studies
(1982) which gave academic education greater scope and in which sociology played a
central part. It goes through the various stages in the institution-building process that
led from initially mixed reception to full internal acceptance as part of a common core
of subjects. It analyzes the reasons for another major reconsideration, in 2000, of cur-
ricula and avenues of access, which endorsed and radicalized the previous reform’s phi-
losophy and turned sociology into a truly pivotal discipline—one that allows better
integration of the academic and military sides of officer education. It assesses, in con-
clusion, the factors behind such a (fragile) success story.
Keywords: sociology; officer education; Saint-Cyr; French Army
Background
Despite the classic parallel drawn by Auguste Comte between industrial and mili-
tary order,
1
and the huge problems involved in managing mass armed forces from the
Third Republic onward, the French armed services paid scant attention to sociology
and its possible uses until very late into the twentieth century. Teaching it was never
seriously considered until 1982.
True, midway through the First World War, the minister of ordnance production
had succeeded in mobilizing a large fraction of the (very few) sociology professors
of the time in the cause of victory. Durkheim himself brought active moral support
to the war effort. But few traces were left of that collaboration during the interwar
years. In 1926, Capt. Charles de Gaulle, then head of the History department at
Saint-Cyr, noted in typical visionary fashion that sociology ought to be introduced
into the academy’s syllabus.
2
His advice went unheeded by his superiors. Over two
decades later, following the publication in 1949 of Stouffer’s classic edited volumes
on the social psychology of the American soldier in World War II, keen interest was