iMedPub Journals www.imedpub.com 2018 Vol.10 No.3:4 1 © Copyright iMedPub | This article is available from: www.archivesofmedicine.com Research Article DOI: 10.21767/1989-5216.1000273 ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE ISSN 1989-5216 Akinlolu JT, Omololu-Aso J*, Owolabi AT and Omololu-Aso OO Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria *Corresponding author: SJoseph Omololu-Aso  omololu-aso@oauife.edu.ng Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Tel: +234 2348033770933 Citaton: Akinlolu JT, Omololu-Aso J, Owolabi AT, Omololu-Aso OO (2018) Molecular Epidemiological Status of Group B Streptococcus in Ile Ife South Western Nigeria. Arch Med. Vol.10 No.3:4 Molecular Epidemiological Status of Group B Streptococcus in Ile Ife South Western Nigeria Abstract Studies in some sub-Saharan African countries like Zimbabwe, Malawi, Kenya and Gambia revealed that Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is emerging as the main cause of neonatal sepsis and meningits. However, in Nigeria, informaton on GBS disease prevalence remains sparse. We sourced to isolate GBS from the rectovaginal and neonatal samples that were obtained from a tertary hospital in a populated area of Osun state and give an updated informaton on the antbiotc susceptbility paterns, using demographic and clinical parameters. 170 samples were collected from consentng mothers and neonate from June, 2016 to January 2017. Ninety-Eight (98) GBS isolates were recovered from vaginal, rectal of the pregnant woman at the point of labour and Umbilical cord of the neonate within 24 h of birth. Cultures for the isolaton and identfcaton of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) were carried out using the CDC recommended microbiological methods. The Kirby-Bauer disk-difusion method was mployed to determine antbiograms of GBS isolates in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards insttute (CLSI). The presence of resistant genes was examined using PCR. The prevalence rate of GBS maternal and neonatal colonizaton were 29.4% and 20.6% respectvely while 4% of the colonized neonates had nosocomial GBS colonizaton. There was no signifcant associaton between GBS colonizaton status and age (p>0.05), parity (p>0.05), obstetric risk factors (p>0.05) and sex of neonate. One out of the 8 representatves of the multdrug resistant isolates harboured tetM gene while other resistant genes examined were negatve in all MDR isolates. High prevalence of maternal and neonatal GBS colonizaton has been established among pregnant women and neonates in the study area. Nosocomial infecton was implicated in GBS colonizaton among neonates. However further research is called for using larger sample size and multple curve studies for adequate extrapolaton into the general populaton. Keywords: Group B streptococcus; Neonatal colonizaton; Pregnant women; Sepsis Received: May 05, 2018; Accepted: May 14, 2018; Published: May 21, 2018 Introducton Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal infectons in humans [1]. It is one of the main causes of infecton in pregnant women with chorioamnionits, endometrits, surgical wound infecton as well as genital infectons [2]. Approximately 10-30% of women of childbearing age carry GBS in the rectovaginal compartment [2]. A combinaton of phenotypic classifcaton and molecular typing has been successfully used in epidemiological investgatons of GBS to study clonal lineages associated with colonizaton or invasive disease [3,4]. A diverse range of molecular techniques have been applied to determine the populaton structure of GBS, including pulse feld gel electrophoresis (PFGE), restricton digest patern (RDP) and multlocus sequence typing (MLST) [5-7]. Multlocus sequence typing has several advantages over restricton digest based molecular typing techniques in that it uses standardized protocols, and provides specifc data on single nucleotde changes rather than crude estmates of approximate fragment length. Furthermore, the MLST data from diferent laboratories can be stored and compared on an open access online database, and hence it has become the preferred method to compare the genetc relatedness of GBS isolates [8].