~ 135 ~ International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences 2019; 5(3): 135-141 ISSN Print: 2394-7489 ISSN Online: 2394-7497 IJADS 2019; 5(3): 135-141 © 2019 IJADS www.oraljournal.com Received: 01-05-2019 Accepted: 03-06-2019 Dr. Arjun Jacob Oommen Former Post Graduate Student, Department of Periodontology, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital. Hunsamaranahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Dr. Karthikeyan BV Reader, Dept. of Periodontolgy, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hunsamaranahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Dr. Prabhuji MLV Professor and Head, Dept. of Periodontolgy, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hunsamaranahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Dr. Anjali Anoop Karande Professor and Head, Dept. of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Dr. Rajendran Ravishankaran Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Dept. of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Correspondence Dr. Karthikeyan BV Reader, Dept. of Periodontolgy, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hunsamaranahalli, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Evaluation of leptin levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in periodontitis individuals and its correlation with serum lipid, anthropometric and periodontal parameters: A clinico-biochemical study Dr. Arjun Jacob Oommen, Dr. Karthikeyan BV, Dr. Prabhuji MLV, Dr. Anjali Anoop Karande and Dr. Rajendran Ravishankaran Abstract Background: Leptin, an adipocytokine with pro-inflammatory properties has shown a fundamental role in the association of obesity and periodontitis with cardiovascular disease. However, little is known regarding the potential association between leptin and periodontitis with obesity parameters like Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat Mass (BFM) and lipid profile (LP). Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate GCF and serum levels of leptin and compare with obesity parameters in periodontal health and disease to get a clear picture of periodontal-systemic health relationship in terms of leptin. Methods: Two hundred and eight subjects with both gender in the age range of 30-39 years were divided into Periodontally Healthy (PH) and Moderate to severe Periodontitis (MP) groups based on clinical parameters. The groups were subcategorised based on BMI, BFM and LP into Normal Weight (NW), Over Weight (OW), Obese Weight (Ob), Average Fat Mass (AFM), Obese Fat Mass (OFM), Normolipidemic (NL) and Hyperlipidemic (HL). GCF and serum levels of leptin were evaluated using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: In serum, leptin levels were higher in the MP compared to PH and GCF leptin levels were higher in PH and lower in the MP group (p<0.05). The GCF leptin in PH group had a positive correlation with BMI (r=0.3), BFM (r=0.4) and LP (r=0.1) and no significant difference was observed in the MP group whereas the serum leptin showed a positive correlation only with BFM (r=0.6) and LP (r=0.2) in both MP and PH groups, respectively. Conclusion: In obese and non-obese individuals, there was an inverse relationship in GCF leptin levels in MP and PH groups. GCF leptin was correlated with BFM & LP in periodontal health whereas serum leptin was correlated with BFM & LP in both periodontal health and disease. Keywords: Leptin, gingival crevicular fluid, hyperlipidemia, body mass index, cardiovascular disease, periodontitis Introduction Leptin is a peptide hormone which has a molecular weight of 16-kDa released into circulation after its primary production by adipocytes [1, 2] . It’s regulatory functions ranges from regulation of bone metabolism, body weight and various endocrine axes [3] . It enhances the macrophage, natural killer cells, monocyte phagocytosis and increase the pro-inflammatory cytokine production as it possess immuno-modulatory functions stimulating the immune system [4, 5] . Several reports have indicated an association between leptin and generalized moderate periodontitis. (MP).1-6 Rise in leptin concentrations is seen highest in healthy gingiva1 and its decline with progressing periodontal disease reflecting increase in serum leptin concentrations [3] . This rise in leptin concentration in healthy gingiva suggests its protective role in periodontal disease and the rise in serum leptin concentration is considered a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease [4, 7] . Obesity affects leptin levels in MP subjects. Zimmermann et al. [8] have shown higher serum levels of leptin in obese than those in non-obese individuals suggesting a role of both periodontitis and obesity in enhancing systemic inflammatory burden predisposing to systemic complications. However, little is known regarding the potential association between leptin and