Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health
23(6) 967–979
© 2011 APJPH
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DOI: 10.1177/1010539510365099
http://aph.sagepub.com
Concentrations and Size
Distribution of Inhalable
and Respirable Dust
Among Sugar Industry
Workers: A Pilot Study
in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Pornpun Sakunkoo, MSc
1
, Naesinee Chaiear, MMed, PhD
1
,
Chalermchai Chaikittiporn, PhD
2
, and Steven Sadhra, PhD
3
Abstract
There has been very limited information regarding bagasse exposure among workers in sugar
industries as well as on health outcomes. The authors determined the occupational exposure of
sugar industry workers in Khon Kaen to airborne bagasse dust. The size of the bagasse dust
ranged from 0.08 to 9 μm with the highest size concentration of 2.1 to 4.7 μm.The most common
size had a geometric mean diameter of 5.2 μm, with a mass concentration of 6.89 mg/m
3
/log μm.
The highest mean values of inhalable and respirable dust were found to be 9.29 mg/m
3
from
February to April in bagasse storage, 5.12 mg/m
3
from May to September, and 4.12 mg/m
3
from
October to January. Inhalable dust concentrations were 0.33, 0.47, and 0.41 mg/m
3
, respectively.
Workers are likely to be exposed to high concentrations of bagasse dust and are at risk of
respiratory diseases. Preventive measures, both in the form of engineering designs and personal
protective devices, should be implemented.
Keywords
bagasse, concentrations, size distribution, sugar industry
Introduction
Global sugar production was nearly 100 million tons in 2004 from sugarcane in more than 130
countries.
1
Brazil was the world’s largest sugarcane producer, followed by India, Pakistan, China,
and Thailand.
2
In tropical regions of the world, sugarcane represents a major crop. Because of the
increasing demand for sugar in the last century, large areas in the tropical and subtropical
1
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
2
Mahidol University, Thailand
3
Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, England, UK
Corresponding Author:
Naesinee Chaiear, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,
Thailand 40002
Email:cneasi@kku.ac.th