Designing Home Care Reminder Systems:
Lessons Learned Through Co-Design with Older Users
Marilyn McGee-Lennon, Aidan Smeaton, Stephen Brewster
Glasgow Interactive Systems Group
School of Computing Science
University of Glasgow
Glasgow, UK
Email: mcgeemr@dcs.gla.ac.uk
Abstract— Technology for care at home is an important factor in
supporting our ageing population. These technologies need to be
both accessible and acceptable to a wide variety of users if they
are to be taken up and successfully used in people’s homes. This
paper describes the user-centered co-design and evaluation of a
multimodal reminder system for the home deployed on mobile
devices. Six co-design sessions (N=25 users) were carried out with
groups of older users to investigate the best methods and
techniques for configuring reminders and how they should be
delivered within the home. Both sketches and implemented
prototypes were used to gather qualitative feedback on a variety
of interaction features and techniques to find what worked best
for an older user group. We present the findings from the
sessions in terms of the re-design of a personalisable multimodal
reminder system. We also present the co-design process used and
go on to discuss the value this method adds to the design and
evaluation of home care technologies for older users.
Keywords- co-design; evaluation; older users; multimodal;
reminder systems; configuration; personalisation.
I. INTRODUCTION
People with disabilities or chronic long-term conditions
(LTCs) are increasingly being cared for at home [6].
Technology that can support or augment this care at home is
often referred to as assisted or independent living technology
(ALT) and is increasingly accepted as key in continuing to
supporting our ageing population [18] and a general shift
towards more self managed care. Assisted living technologies
that include sensor based devices that alert the user or other
stakeholder (friends, family or carers) to the state of the house
or person (a tap is running, a person is in the bedroom) are
often traditionally referred to as telecare. There are now a
wider range of telecare and telehealth technologies that can
also generally promote health and wellbeing, such as
communication aids, remote rehabilitation and consultation
systems, vital signs monitors and reminder systems to support
daily living routines. Such technologies can enable people to
live at home independently for longer, improve health and
wellbeing, and support self care of long term conditions [4, 6].
Pervasive care technologies need to be accessible to a wide
variety of users with a range of physical, cognitive and
sensory impairments [1, 23]. They also need to be acceptable,
usable to people with varying degrees of technical expertise
and easily integrated into current living patterns if they are to
be taken up and used in the homes of people managing their
own care [4, 11]. Previous work has revealed many examples
of existing home care technologies being prescribed to users
and simply not being used [e.g. 4]. Making pervasive health
technologies more attractive to users and more likely to be
accepted and integrated into their daily lives is just as
important as it is with other products such as mobile phones
and digital TVs.
It is a significant challenge to design and deploy
technologies for the home such that they are easy to set up and
use yet configurable by and adaptable to a range of people
including end users, friends and family and health and social
care professionals [4, 11]. One way to address this challenge is
to make these systems multisensory or ‘multimodal’ – that is
they are able to offer alternative interaction modalities (such
as speech, gesture, touch) for receiving and presenting
information [16, 24]. Offering this choice, however, means
that users need to be able to configure the system to their own
needs and preferences.
End-user configuration of home care technologies allows
personalisation and can potentially result in a system that is
more appropriate to the users’ needs, preference and social and
physical context [11, 24]. This configuration can take place at
set up (with help from friends or carers for example) and/or
more dynamically as a person learns to use the system in a
way that suits his/her needs and preferences over time. Such
flexibility however introduces an additional design challenge.
How will users want (and be able) to configure the system?
Additionally, what factors influence configuration decisions or
behaviors in the context of the home?
This paper describes the user centred development of a
home care reminder system that is both multimodal (can
present reminders in different ways to a variety of sensory
modalities) and highly configurable by the end user (users can
select which reminders to receive and exactly how they wish
to receive them). Development of this reminder system
involved formative Co-Design sessions with six groups
(N=25) of older users (age 60+) where they were they
PervasiveHealth 2012, May 21-24, San Diego, United States
Copyright © 2012 ICST
DOI 10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2012.248684