Surfa c e C ha ra c te riza tio n o f A ustria n Da g ue rre o typ e s Valentina Ljubić Tobisch 1 , Klaudia Hradil 1 , Karin Whitmore 2 Christina Streli 3 , Peter Wobrauschek 3 , Wolfgang Kautek 4 1 Te c hnisc he Unive rsitä t Wie n, X-Ra y C e nte r, Vie nna , Austria 2 Te c hnisc he Unive rsitä t Wie n, USTEM, Vie nna , Austria 3 Te c hnisc he Unive rsitä t Wie n, Ato m institut, Vie nna , Austria 4 Unive rsity o f Vie nna , De p a rtm e nt o f Physic a l C he m istry, Vie nna , Austria The He rita g e Sc ie nc e p ro je c t PHELETYPIA, "The imp a c t o f e a rly p ho to g ra p hy a nd e le c tro typ ing m e d ia o n the c re a tio n o f im a g e s and c o nte m p o ra ry a rt", funded by the Austria n Academy of Sc ie nc e s, is re se a rc hing o rig ina l Austria n da g ue rre o type s. The a im is to g a in de ta ile d info rm a tio n a b o ut the sp e c ia l p ho to g ra p hy m e tho d s d e ve lo p e d in the e a rly 1840s in Vie nna . C o lle c tio ns thro ug ho ut Austria [1,2] and abroad a re c o nta c te d a nd a se le c tio n o f d a g ue rre o typ e s a re e xa mine d fo r the ir sp e c ia l surfa c e p ro p e rtie s. A sp e c ia l fo c us is d ire c te d o n a n e a rly Austria n d a g ue rre o typ e te c hno lo g y o f the 1840s b a se d o n a b re a kthro ug h in a n inc re a se d se nsitivity b y p ho to c he m ic a l m e a ns a nd a c a m e ra c o nstruc te d b y the Vie nne se o p tic ia n Vo ig tlä nd e r e q uip p e d w ith the first c a lc ula te d p o rtra it le ns b y Pe tzva l [3,4]. REFERENCES [1] M. Po nsting l, e d ., Die Exp lo sio n d e r Bild e rw e lt. Die p ho to g ra p hisc he G e se llsc ha ft in Wie n 1861-1945, C hristia n Bra nd stä tte r Ve rla g , Wie n, 2011. [2] M. G rö ning , M. Fa b e r, Inkuna b e ln e ine r ne ue n Ze it : Pio nie re d e r Da g ue rre o typ ie in Ö ste rre ic h 1839-1850, C hristia n Bra nd stä tte r Ve rla g , Alb e rtina , Wie n, 2006. [3 ] V. Ljubić Tobisch, W. Kautek, Highly Photosensitive Daguerreotypes and their Re p ro d uc tio n: Physic o -c he m ic a l Eluc id a tio n o f Inno va tive Pro c e sse s in Pho to g ra p hy De ve lo p e d a ro und 1840 in Vie nna , Che mplusc he m. 84 (2019) 1730–1738. do i:10.1002/ c plu.201900467. [4] V. Ljubić Tobisch, W. Kautek, Die Daguerreotypie zu Beginn der 1840er-Ja hre in Wie n: e ine Re ko nstruktio n vo n ne u e ntw ic ke lte n Ve rfa hre n a m Be isp ie l e ine r g e ä tzte n Da g ue rre o typ ie p la tte a us d e m Te c hnisc he n Muse um Wie n, Pap. Co nse rv. 37 (2020) 147–161. SEM image. Left: Fingerprint. Right: Eye area. Portrait of Dr. Adolf Gaggl,1841, Landesmuseum Klagenfurt. Daguerreotypes from the Landesmuseum Salzburg exemplify how different the appearance and condition of daguerreotypes can be INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL & RESULTS The surfa c e m o rp ho lo g y a nd surfa c e c he m istry o f d a g ue rre o typ e s a re the mo st imp o rta nt so urc e s o f info rma tio n re la te d to the ir p ro d uc tio n methods and the c o rro sio n and a g ing p ro c e sse s a ffe c ting the ir lo ng -te rm p re se rva tio n [3,4]. In this c o nte xt, it is ind isp e nsa b le to c ha ra c te rize the surfa c e o f o rig ina l d a g ue rre o typ e s with ultim a te re so lutio n and se nsitivity. Thre e no n-d e struc tive and no n-c o nta c t e xa m ina tio n methods w e re id e ntifie d to be the sta nd a rd fo r a na lyzing the d a g ue rre o typ e s in this p ro je c t: ▪ Dig ita l o p tic a l m ic ro sc o p y (HIRO X RH-2000 3D) ▪ Pro filo m e try (HIRO X RH-2000 3D) ▪ Sc a nning e le c tro n m ic ro sc o p y w ith a n a to m ic fo rc e m ic ro sc o p e (SEM/ EDX, FEI Q ua nta 250 FEG ) ▪ Mic ro - X- Ra y fluo re sc e nc e sp e c tro sc o p y (XRF, Rh-a no de 40 kV, 0.1 mA, with Ag -filte r, flushe d with He ) Micro-XRF spectrum of the brighter background area on the right side of the portrait of Dr. Adolf Gaggl, 1841, Landesmuseum Kärnten. Flooded with He; measurement duration 300s. SEM image of a detailed area in the fingerprint with EDX elemental analysis. Portrait of Dr. Adolf Gaggl, 1841, Landesmuseum Klagenfurt. Pa rtia l fund ing is a c kno w le d g e d b y the p ro je c t PHELETYPIA, “ The im p a c t o f e a rly p ho to g ra p hy a nd e le c tro typ ing m e d ia o n the c re a tio n o f im a g e s a nd c o nte m p o ra ry a rt" (He rita g e 2020-060 PHELETYPIA) in the He rita g e Sc ie nc e Austria g ra nt p ro g ra m o f the Austria n Ac a d e m y o f Sc ie nc e s. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Element Gewicht% C K 7.6 O K 2.4 NaK 1.1 SiK 0.5 S K 0.6 ClK 24.8 AgL 63.0 Etched Daguerreotype, ca. 1844 Joseph II’s equestrian monument Josefsplatz, Vienna SEM/EDX and Profilometry of etched Daguerreotype for reproduction printing White hig hlig hts: Ag na no pa rtic le s (30-120 nm) Mid -to ne ra ng e Une xp o se d a re a s: Etc h marks 200 - 400 nm Atomic % Region 1 Region 2 Region 3 S 14.39 0 0 Cl 1.10 0 0 Cu 1.35 1.27 3.63 O 4.37 8.05 20.86 Ag 38.72 52.74 37.56 C 38.97 37.26 37.37 Si 0.57 0.68 0.57 P 0.53 0 0 Hg ?