Khan S et al. Int J Res Pharm Sci 2018, 8 (2);4-21 ISSN 2249-3522 1 Access this article online QR Code Website: www.ijrpsonline.com International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Science Research Article Antimicrobial, phytochemical and traditional studies of selected medicinal plant in Bajaur agency, Pakistan Siraj Khan ٭ 1 , Gul Jan 1 , Hameeda Bibi 1 , Kifayat Ullah 1 , Shakir Ullah 2 1, 2 Abdul Wali Khan University Department of Botany Garden Campus Mardan, Pakistan 1 Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan Address for Correspondence Siraj Khan Email: sk3130249@gmail.com ABSTRACT Phytochemicals are mainly divided into groups like secondary and primary constituents on the basis of their metabolic function in plants. Primary constituents contain amino acid, proteins chlorophyll, and common sugars whereas secondary constituents contain saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins . The subsequent method was used for the determination of antimicrobial activity. Oxalis corniculata ethanolic extract were 17.5±2.5, 19 ± 0.5 and 15 ± 0.1 against the fungus, (C. albican) Gram positive bacterium (S. aureus) and negative bacterium (E. coli), respectively. Rumex dentatus extract in the same solvent made the 22±0.2, 18± 0.1 and 18±0.1 mm zones of inhibition against the fungus (C. albicans) Gram positive bacterium (S. aureus) and negative bacterium (E. coli), respectively. In addition to this, the extract Tagetes minuta made the 22±0.2, 20±0.2 and 18±0.2 mm zones of inhibition against the fungus (C. albicans) Gram positive bacterium (B. subtilis) and negative bacterium (E. coli), respectively. In other words, the order of inhibitory potential was Cichorium intybus > Medicago sativa > Tagetes minuta > Rumex dentatus >Oxalis corniculata. Ethanolic extract was more effective followed by methanolic, ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous extracts. Ethanol was more effective followed by methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and aqueous extracts. Gram positive bacteria were more resistant followed by Gram negative bacteria and fungi Key words: Antimicrobial activities; Phytochemistry; Traditional medication; Pakistan INTRODUCTION Plants have been conventionally used in the handling of numerous diseases of human. Their therapeutic as well as pharmacological properties have been ascribed to different chemical constituents isolated with antioxidant activities 1 . Phytochemical are mainly divided into groups like secondary and primary constituents on the basis of their metabolic function in plants. Primary constituents contain amino acid, proteins chlorophyll, and common sugars whereas secondary constituents contain saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins etc 2 . They may have raw or processed ingredients from more or one plant which is useful for the human health 3 . Plants having medicinal properties are vital with respect to pharmaceutical industry and latest drugs. Plants were used in ancient time as the medicine. In recent times, the use of medicinal plants improved substantially 4 . A large number of plants are there in Pakistan which include medicinal properties and such plants are used for remedial purposes. Pakistan is a developing country and up to great extent, depends on plant assets for agricultural, food, fodder, shelter and herbal medicines 4 . In emergent countries like Pakistan, extracts of the plants are still the chief source of conventional handling. Recent study have determined that about 60-80%ofthe total world population, still use extracts of the plant as a conventional, medicinal and antimicrobial agents. In every part of the world. Plants having medicinal characteristics are broadly worn for the treatment of diseases 5 . World Health Organization estimated that almost80% population of the world is appealing